人工老化和低温胁迫对陆地棉种子活力的影响和评价

[目的]研究人工老化处理和低温胁迫对陆地棉种子萌发的影响,为陆地棉种子耐低温和耐贮藏性研究提供支持和种质资源.[方法]以12份陆地棉种子为材料,通过标准发芽条件、低温胁迫发芽和人工老化处理后发芽,统计并分析发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗长、根长、苗鲜重和根鲜重等8个指标.[结果]各逆境对种子活力不同指标影响不同...     

东台市工厂化育苗产业的发展现状及建议

东台地区顺应市场农业现代化发展需求,支持和推进瓜果蔬菜育苗产业化,已形成一定规模和技术体系,但也存在企业运营水平差异、缺乏专业技术培训、产业经营淡旺不均等问题;因此,要探讨加快工厂化育苗产业健康发展的途径和思路,尤其要构建质量与风险管控机制、创建个性化品牌、提升售后服务水平,旨在促进瓜果蔬菜育苗产业化经营的标准化、现代化。     

Ce对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗光合作用影响:Ⅱ对光合量子效率与羧化效率的影响

用水培法研究了Ce(Ⅲ)对紫外辐射(UV-B,280￣320nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗光合量子效率与羧化效率变化对光合作用的影响。结果表明,20mg·L-1CeCl3能有效减缓紫外辐射(T1/0.15W·m-2和T2/0.45W·m-2)胁迫所导致饱和光光合速率(Ps)、饱和CO2光合速率(Pm)、表观量子效率(AQY)与羧化效率(CE)的降低,使得Ce UV-B组各项指标虽低于CK,但明显优于UV-B组。动态曲线显示,Ce减缓了UV-B胁迫期各项指标的下降趋势,加快恢复期的上升速度,且最终达到较好的恢复效果。通过对AQY、CE与Pn的相关统计学分析发现,低剂量UV-B辐射胁迫下Ce对AQY调节对改善光合功能的作用大于CE。高剂量下则是CE的变化起主要作用。     

Factors influencing seed reserve utilization during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines

Strong seedlings are essential for high yield. To explore the foundation of strong seedlings, we investigated various factors influencing the conversion and distribution of seed storage reserves during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines. Three maize inbred lines were used to explore the effects of seed size, seed vigor, illumination duration, temperature, water content, and salt concentration of the seedling medium on the utilization of seed storage reserves during seedling establishme...     

水稻无盘旱育免耕抛秧不同密度试验

为了探索水稻无盘旱育免耕抛秧适宜栽培密度和技术,设计了6种不同抛秧密度的试验。结果表明,性状指标变化情况为:株高、穴穗数、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数随抛秧密度的增加而减少,667m2穗数随抛秧密度的增加而增加,够苗期随密度的增加而提前,其他性状指标变化不大。667m2抛秧14 000、17 000和20 000粒谷秧的处理4、5、6产量较高,分别为760.3 kg/667m2、718.2 kg/667m2和712.8 kg/667m2,与其余3个处理间达显著或极显著水平。无盘旱育免耕抛秧适宜的密度范围为1 4 000~20 000粒谷秧/667m2。     

巨尾桉苗缺铁黄化病的防治

巨尾桉苗黄化病是一种生理病害,表现为缺素症,主要是缺铁。在缺铁、排水不良、碱性的土壤容易发病,改变土壤理化性的同时施铁元素以及氮、磷、钾等大量元素能使桉苗更好地恢复生长。     

滴灌土壤湿润区对棉花生长及产量的影响研究

针对棉花作物,以桶栽试验为基础,通过控制滴头流量得到不同宽度的土壤湿润区,观测了棉花相应的生长状况及产量。试验结果表明,棉花的生长发育和产量与滴灌土壤湿润区的大小密切相关,宽的土壤湿润区可以使棉花的生长发育提前,其株高、叶面积、产量都比窄的土壤湿润区条件下的棉花相应指标高;宽的土壤湿润区下的棉花叶面积衰老速度比窄的土壤湿润区下的棉花叶面积衰老速度慢。另外,随着土壤湿润区变宽,土壤耗水深度变浅,棉花单铃重、衣分和单株产量增加,但单株铃数减少。     

8种绢蒿属植物幼苗抗氧化保护系统研究

在土培条件下研究了民勤绢蒿Seriphidium minchiinense、针裂叶绢蒿S. sublessingianum、西北绢蒿S. nitrosum、伊犁绢蒿S. transiliense、博洛塔绢蒿S. borotalense、蛔蒿S. cinum、沙湾绢蒿S. sawanense和新疆绢蒿S. kaschgaricum等8种绢蒿属植物幼苗抗氧化保护系统随生育期的变化.结果表明:8种绢蒿属植物幼苗随生育期后延,叶片MDA、可溶性糖、POD活性先升后降,可溶性蛋白表现出"升-降-升"趋势,SOD和CAT活性分别出现持续下降和持续上升趋势.8种绢蒿幼苗保护酶活性、MDA、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量存在差异,针裂叶绢蒿MDA含量最高,西北绢蒿MDA含量最低.MDA与可溶性糖极显著负相关,与SOD显著负相关.不同指标变化趋势说明在幼苗生长前期主要依靠CAT、POD和非酶性保护系统抵抗不良环境,而后期抵抗作用主要源于SOD和非酶性保护系统.8种绢蒿幼苗中,抗逆性强的有西北绢蒿、民勤绢蒿、博洛塔绢蒿、沙湾绢蒿和蛔蒿,抗逆性较强的有新疆绢蒿和伊犁绢蒿,抗逆性最弱的是针裂叶绢蒿.种间抗逆性的差异是它们对各自生长环境适应的结果.     

蚯蚓粪基质与肥料添加量对辣椒穴盘育苗效果的研究

将蚯蚓粪和蛭石按2∶1(v/v)的比例组成复合基质,然后添加不等量的CO(NH2)2和KNO3,用于辣椒穴盘育苗。结果表明:通过添加适量的肥料,可以明显提高复合基质的电导率(EC值),改善辣椒的出苗率和幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,显著促进幼苗植株的生长发育。根据壮苗指数,筛选出最佳肥料添加量是CO(NH2)20.2 kg/m3和KNO30.8 kg/m3。研究结果为利用蚯蚓粪替代草炭培育辣椒健壮穴盘苗提供了科学施肥依据。     

Effect of presowing seed treatments on germination and early seedling growth of wheat varieties under saline conditions

The effect of presowing wheat seed treatments was investigated for the salt-sensitive variety Blue Silver and relatively salt-tolerant variety PARI-73 at the germination and early seedling stages. Seeds were treated with distilled water (DW) or 10/50 mm KCl, KNO₃ , CaCl₂, Ca(NO₃)₂ and then germinated in DW or 200 mm NaCl. Treatment with calcium (Ca) or potassium (K) did not lead to a significantly higher rate for final germination than the DW treatment. Ca salt treatments significantly improved shoot growth during the early seedling establishment stage in both varieties, especially in the salt-sensitive variety Blue Silver. There were significant differences in the Ca content of seeds after various presowing treatments. There were also significant differences between both varieties in the ion contents after seed treatment. However, these differences appeared to be related to the improvement of shoot growth during the early seedling establishment stage and not to the effectiveness of pres owing seed treatments in increasing germination.