2018年全球口蹄疫流行状况分析

据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)和世界口蹄疫参考实验室(WRLFMD)样品检测报告,2018年全球共有50多个国家或地区报告发生口蹄疫疫情或检测到口蹄疫病毒。在亚洲、非洲,口蹄疫继续呈地方性或暴发流行,在欧洲(如俄罗斯和土耳其)及南美洲(哥伦比亚)的部分国家呈散发性流行。本文介绍了2018年全球口蹄疫发生情况,分析总结了全球口蹄疫流行特点,简述了全球防控进展,同时结合我国口蹄疫流行情况,对我国口蹄疫防控提出了相关建议。     

西藏“一江两河”流域中部草地沙漠化与防治

据１：３．５×１０＾４假彩色红外航空像片室内判读与野外调查，本区沙漠化草地可分为中度及轻度两种，面积１２．８２３万ｈｍ＾２，导致草地沙漠化的人为因素主要是超载过牧，樵柴，放牧制度不合理等，草地沙漠化防治可采取生物，管理及工程等措施。     

规模化猪场非洲猪瘟防控

非洲猪瘟疫情已经成为制约养猪业发展的头号杀手,生猪稳产保供任务引起高度重视,因此,防控非洲猪瘟疫情是各级政府和养猪企业的重点工作之一,该文主要论述规模化猪场非洲猪瘟防控措施。     

The strategic use of closantel and albendazole in controlling naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the Kenya highlands

The strategic use of closantel, a narrow-spectrum salicylanilide anthelmintic against bloodsucking helminths, and of albendazole, a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep was investigated on a farm in Nyandarua District in the highlands of Kenya. Thirty Corriedale female lambs aged between 9 and 12 months were assigned to three treatment groups of 10 lambs each. The three groups were set stocked on separate paddocks for 12 months. Lambs in group 1 (strategic treatment group) were treated with closantel and albendazole at the beginning and towards the end of the long rains (April and June, respectively) and towards the end of the short rains (December). During the intervening dry season, the lambs were treated with albendazole. Lambs in group 2 (suppressive treatment group) were kept worm free by regular deworming with albendazole at 3-weekly intervals for 12 months. The third group of lambs remained untreat ed (control group). Gastrointestinal nematode infections and pasture infectivity were well controlled in the case of the strategic treatment group. This resulted in higher weight gains, wool production, packed cell volume, and serum albumin and protein concentrations compared with the untreated control lambs. These parameters were comparable between the strategic treatment and the suppressive treatment groups of lambs. It was concluded that worm control strategies based on the epidemiology of the parasites and the sustained anthelmintic action of closantel in combination with broad-spectrum anthelmintics can provide effective control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the study area.     

公鸡斗架及其进化稳定策略

公鸡斗架是常见的一种动物争斗行为,作者通过对公鸡斗架行为的根源、方式和结局的分析,说明公鸡斗架行为是由基因控制的,是自然选择的结果,斗架的本质是繁殖斗争,目的是取得与更多异性交配的机会,留下更多的后代.公鸡斗架的节制性符合进化稳定性策略,在进化上具有重要意义.     

黄河首曲湿地功能区草地畜牧业经营现状及发展对策

通过对黄河首曲湿地功能区--玛曲县的天然草场类型和分布特点、利用方式、生产经营现状的分析.阐述了制约当地草地畜牧业可持续发展和生产经营方式改善的主要原因,从优化畜群结构、发展季节畜牧业、家庭牧场统分经营、畜牧业产业化发展等方面提出了今后黄河首曲湿地功能区草地畜牧业发展的新思路和可持续发展对策.     

Control charts applied to simulated sow herd datasets

Statistical control charts were used to detect process change in pig production. Two charts were tested to detect small deviations in production processes: the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used for developing an optimal design of the EWMA and the CUSUM charts. The traits piglets born in total and the return to oestrus rate were considered. Over a given time period, small shifts were purposely implemented to test the performance of the charts. The average time to signal (ATS) and false positive rate (FPR) were taken as classification parameters to evaluate the performance of the charts. All shifts in the number of piglets born in total were detected with CUSUM and EWMA control charts. The trait piglets born in total showed an ATS ranging from 1.3 (FPR = 33.5%) to 6.8 weeks (FPR = 1.2%) using the CUSUM chart. The EWMA chart presented an ATS which ranged between 2.0 (FPR = 14.9%) and 6.3 (FPR = 1.9%) weeks. The application of the CUSUM to the return to oestrus rate resulted in an ATS of 2.6 (FPR =  38.3%) to 15.6 weeks (FPR = 3.0%) and the EWMA chart produced a signal between 4.1 (FPR = 14.5%) and 16.4 weeks (FPR = 1.4%). Both charts appear to be useful tools for tracking commercial swine farm processes and detecting emerging change in process performance.     

蜜蜂秋季管理要点

科学合理的蜜蜂秋季管理,不仅可以使蜜蜂安全越冬,还能促使蜜蜂来年早春的春繁顺利进行。为了向广大蜂业工作者提供一个全面的蜜蜂秋季管理参考资料,从蜂箱、蜂群、饲喂及病害防治4个方面入手,对蜜蜂的秋季管理要点进行整合。     

祁连县草地毒草调查报告

通过对祁连县毒草密度和危害程度的调查,结果表明:祁连县主要毒草为棘豆和狼毒,危害面积达16.18×104hm2,占全县可利用草地面积的16.09%,严重威胁到草地畜牧业的发展。并提出防治对策。     

蜂蟹螨(Varroa destructor)对福化利抗药性及其防治的研究

建立培养皿药膜法进行蜂蟹螨福化利(Fluvalinate)抗药浓度检测方法。分别以福化利浓度为0、12.5、25、50、100mg/L进行台湾5处蜂场蜂蟹螨抗福化利剂量调查,经回归分析,计算LC50之浓度介于23.75～79.25mg/L之间,比意大利抗性螨385～857mg/L仍低很多,显示抗药性尚未大幅增加。以隔落螨法防治蜂蟹螨平均每日可捕捉44.7～49.1只。比较隔落螨法、割雄蜂蛹加隔落螨法、蚁酸加隔落螨法、福化利防治法的效果,当蜂蟹螨密度不高时,可采用隔落螨法或加割雄蜂蛹方式进行防治,蜂蟹螨密度高时,可先以福化利、蚁酸进行1～2次防治,再配合隔落螨法,将可达到长期防治效果。