Effect of fibers on the flow property of turbulent fiber suspensions in a contraction

In the flow of turbulent fiber suspensions flowing through a contraction with rectangular cross-section, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation with the term of additional stress resulting from fibers was solved with the Reynolds stress model to get distributions of the mean velocity, mean pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation. It is found that the mean velocities at exit are small around the center and large near the wall for higher concentration. Fibers reduce turbulent intensity and turbulent dissipation at central line, but enhance them over the cross section at exit. Fibers have no effect of restraint on the turbulence in the contraction flow. The additional stress resulting from fibers plays a role in the increase of drag.     

Behavioural interactions of seabirds with suspended mussel longlines

Increased abundances of a number of seabird species have been found in areas of mussel longline aquaculture (compared to control sites) in a recent study at Bantry Bay, southwest Ireland. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this form of mussel aquaculture also affects the activity budgets and foraging behaviour of these seabirds. Scan-sampling was used to compare seabird activity budgets between three areas of mussel longline aquaculture and three control sites. Foraging activities of Great-Northern Divers Gavia immer, an Annex 1 species under the Euopean Union's Birds Directive, were also compared between sites using focal sampling. The behaviour of gulls (Larus sp.), Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and Great-Northern Divers (but not auks, Alcidae) differed significantly between areas of mussel aquaculture and control sites in this study. Mussel suspension buoys were heavily utilized by gulls, cormorants and shags as safe perching platforms for preening activities. Gulls also fed extensively on epifauna attached to the buoys. Great-Northern Divers spent more time snorkelling (head submerged in search of food) in mussel sites than in the control sites, however dive duration and visible foraging success rates did not differ significantly between sites. Overall, the environmental impact of mussel suspension culture appears to be positive or neutral on marine bird species occurring at this study site.     

Cytotoxicity of surfactants to the FHM-sp cell line

Cytotoxicity of eight surfactants was determined by the neutral red assay with the fathead minnow (FHM)-sp cell line, a cell line in suspension culture from fish. The toxicity ranking of the surfactants was benzalkonium chloride > benzethonium chloride > sodium linear - dodecylbenzene–sulfonate (LAS) > potassium laurate > sodium dodecylsulfate > polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monolaurate > polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monooleate > betaine. The toxicity ranking of the surfactants classified into four groups based on the ion of the hydrophilic group was cationic surfactants > anionic surfactants > non-ionic surfactants > amphipathic surfactants. The FHM-sp cells, as well as the chinook salmon embryo (CHSE)-sp cells, could be inoculated directly to the microplate wells without dispersion by trypsin treatment of cell sheets at room temperature. Therefore, the cytotoxicity assay of the surfactants could be carried out quickly by using the FHM-sp cell line. The FHM-sp cell line had similar or higher sensitivity to sodium dodecylsulfate compared with several cell lines from mammals. The cytotoxicity assay could be shortened by the procedure exposing the surfactants to the FHM-sp cells before the cell monolayer formation in the microplate wells. To use the FHM-sp cell line as a screening tool prior to in vivo testing, studies on the correlation between in vivo data and in vitro data on the toxicity of surfactants are necessary.     

FSAE赛车悬架系统的设计及分析

根据FSAE大赛规则要求,对赛车悬架系统的类型进行了选择,并对其进行了设计,确定了悬架的基本参数,在此基础上,在CATIA软件中建立了悬架总成的三维模型,对其关键零件前悬架摇臂进行了有限元分析,结果表明,其强度满足要求,对实车的制造提供了一定的参考.     

5％氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂拌种防治玉米田蛴螬效果及使用技术

[目的]了解5％氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂拌种防治玉米田蛴螬的效果,为该制剂的进一步推广应用提供参考.[方法]通过小区试验研究了5％氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂拌种对玉米田蟒螬的防治效果、最佳使用剂量及安全性.[结果]5％氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂玉米拌种后播种是防治玉米田蛴螬的较好药剂,建议每100kg种子用5％氟虫腈悬浮种表剂2 000 ～3 000 ml进行机械或人工拌种,田间蛴螬常年发生较重田块,100 kg种子可用5％氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂4 000 ml进行拌种,拌种时按100 kg种子所用药量用水2L的比例稀释,将药剂和种子拌匀放阴凉通风处稍晾后即可播种.[结论]为玉米田蛴螬的防治提供了理论依据.     

不同刈割期秧草收割物悬浮速度的测定与分析

为了获取秧草收割物的悬浮速度参数,采用DFPF-25型悬浮速度试验装置对结荚期、初花期和分枝期秧草收割物主要成分的悬浮速度进行测定,并采用对比试验分析了叶子和茎秆对悬浮速度的影响。结果表明,3个时期的收割物对应成分的悬浮速度中,结荚期最大,初花期次之,分枝期最小;3个时期的最大悬浮速度依次为4.238、3.736和2.653 m·s-1;同一时期的各成分间的悬浮速度有重叠,表明收割物的飞行系数相近,气流较难将其分离,说明气流分选不可行。对比试验表明,去叶前后秧草收割物的悬浮速度变化率与叶子质量占比的比值为1.225~3.745,说明叶子对收割物的悬浮速度的影响比茎秆对悬浮速度的影响大。该研究结果可为秧草收获机的收集装置和分选装置的设计提供参考和依据。     

拟南芥悬浮细胞及其愈伤组织对潮霉素的反应

研究了潮霉索对拟南芥悬浮细胞及其愈伤组织的作用效果和特性．结果表明：潮霉素对拟南芥悬浮细胞生长、愈伤组织诱导及其生长均有极明显的抑制作用。但作用效果和特性均有所不同；拟南芥悬浮细胞继代培养阶段、愈伤组织诱导阶段和愈伤组织增殖阶段的临界致死质量浓度分别为25、2．5、1．5mg／L，液体与固体培养条件下差异极大；潮毒素需要一定处理时间才能充分表现其抑制细胞生长或杀死细胞的效果，一般液体培养条件下3d以后、固体培养条件下5d以后效果趋于稳定，但不同的处理质量浓度有较大差异．还就液体与固体培养条件下作用效果差异的原因进行了讨论，并提出了对潮毒素抗性标记筛选的建议．     

双承载缆索在特大桥吊装工程上的设计与应用

本着技术可行、经济合理、安全适用的原则,对京福高速公路上洋特大桥的双承载缆索吊装进行设计,包括索道总体布置,承载索与工作索计算,并进行支架稳定性、生产率的验算.     

甘草悬浮培养细胞与甘草草药、植株中甘草酸的检测

采用不同的萃取剂从甘草的根、茎、叶、草药和甘草悬浮培养细胞中萃取甘草酸。结果表明,选择含氨0.5%、浓度为10%的乙醇溶液作为萃取剂,萃取得到的甘草酸粗品含量均高于50%乙醇萃取的萃取含量,检测出在优选甘草悬浮培养细胞中所含的甘草酸铵的含量高于其他材料,其中通过细胞悬浮培养,获得的甘草酸铵含量最高可达160.81 mg/g。     

水稻胚性悬浮细胞系建立过程中生理生化变化——Ⅱ.氨基酸、多胺及内源激素的变化

以水稻广亲和中粳品系02428为材料,分析了其胚性悬浮细胞系建立过程中氨基酸、多胺及内源激素的变化。结果表明:1.游离氨基酸的总量是FP_(15)>MP_(45)>LP_(90),其中FP_(15)游离精氨酸的含量很高,而在MP_(45)和LP_(90)中含量剧降。蛋白质氨基酸和蛋白质合成能力正好和游离氨基酸的总量变化相反。2.从FP_(15)→MP_(45)→LP_(90),腐胺含量呈上升、精胺含量呈下降趋势。腐胺/(精胺 亚精胺)上升了近20倍。悬浮细胞经脱壁而成游离原生质体后,其总多胺、尸胺和腐胺的含量与悬浮细胞相比均大幅度下降,而精胺和亚精胺则有所升高。3.植物内源激素IAA、2ip的含量是LP_(90)>MP_(45)>FP_(15),ABA、ZRs的含量是FP_(15)>MP_(45)>LP_(90)。上述变化在一定程度上解释了胚性悬浮细胞即后期悬浮细胞适合于进行原生质体培养的生理生化机理。