氮素浓度对“新温185号”核桃细根密度和分布的影响

以新疆核桃主栽品种"新温185号"为试材,通过设置不同施氮处理,采用根钻取样法和图像扫描分析法,对不同氮素供应水平下核桃细根(直径≤2mm)的空间分布和细根根长比例进行了研究。结果表明:在垂直方向上,细根根长密度随着土层深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,0～70cm深度土层是"新温185号"核桃细根集中分布区域;在水平方向上,距离树干150cm以内是核桃细根集中分布区域,细根根长密度随着与树干距离的增加而减小;各施氮处理核桃细根根长密度显著高于对照,随着施氮量的增加,核桃细根根长密度和总根长中细根长度比例呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,表现为中氮处理(单株施氮量1.2kg)>高氮处理(单株施氮量1.8kg)>低氮处理(单株施氮量0.6kg)>对照(单株施氮量0kg)。"新温185号"核桃的栽培应加强距离树干150cm以内0～70cm深度土层的水肥管理,适量施氮能够促进细根形成,氮素亏缺和过量均不利于细根生长。     

层出镰刀菌处理对食用百合保护酶相关基因表达的影响

以4种食用百合为试材,利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法,研究了层出镰刀菌处理对食用百合保护酶相关基因(POD、CAT)相对表达量的影响,以期为研究食用百合抵抗逆境的分子机制提供参考依据。结果表明:POD在“龙牙×兰州”(R6-2、6)杂交百合、“铁炮×兰州”杂交百合、“兰州”百合被处理后的第1天相对表达量达到峰值且显著高于处理后的其它时间段,分别约为对照组的18.57、63.81、51.41、37.42倍,然而“铁炮”百合则是被处理后的第3天相对表达量达到峰值且显著高于处理后的其它时间段,约为对照组的113.19倍;CAT在“龙牙×兰州”(6)杂交百合、“铁炮×兰州”杂交百合均是被处理后的第1天相对表达量达到峰值且其显著高于处理后的其它时间段,分别约为对照组的68.02、19.77倍,在“龙牙×兰州”(R6-2)杂交百合、“兰州”百合则是被处理后的第3天相对表达量达到峰值,且显著高于处理后的其它时间段,分别约为对照组的30.69、25.19倍,铁炮百合是被处理后的第5天基因相对表达量达到峰值且显著高于其它时间段,约为对照组的71.83倍。     

Inhibition study of red rice polyphenols on pancreatic α-amylase activity by kinetic analysis and molecular docking

This study sought to investigate the possible inhibition mechanism of red rice polyphenols (RRP) on pancreatic α-amylase (PA) activity. RRP showed strong inhibition against PA activity and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 3.61 μg/mL. The fluorescence quenching of PA by RRP was a combination of static quenching and dynamic quenching. RRP could aggregate with PA and the physiochemical properties of the aggregates were closely related to the concentration of RRP. Kinetic analysis suggested that the inhibition mode of RRP on PA was reversible inhibition, which was a mixing of competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition. Molecular docking speculated that RRP could form hydrogen bonds with PA by binding to the catalytic active sites (ASP197, GLU233 and ASP300) and the microenvironments of TRP58 and TRP59 were altered, thus inhibiting PA activity.     

细菌对红谷霉素的耐药性检测

用4种供试细菌对红谷霉素的耐药性作了一初步检测,通过试验发现随着传代次数的增加,4种供试菌对该种抗菌物质会产生一定的耐药性,但4种供试菌的产生耐药性的强度不同,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性最强。但是与林可霉素相比,其耐药性的产生是很慢的。     

Dynamic Changes in the Calcium Content of Several Apple Cultivars During the Growing Season

Dynamic changes in calcium content were investigated in eight apple cultivars. The results showed that the calcium concentration in leaves and shoots increased with fruit development. The cultivars displayed only a small difference in the calcium concentration during the early stage of development, the difference became very significant at the late stage of development, especially in shoots. In shoots, for example, calcium content was highest in Starkrimson （19 638.6 mg kg^-1） and lowest in Fuji （8 751.3 mg kg^-1）. Calcium concentration was highest in young fruits and was found to decrease with the growth of fruit, and was characterized by a dramatic drop at the rapid expansion stage. There was a significant difference among cultivars. Young Starkrimson fruits contained the highest calcium concentration of 506.52 mg kg^-1 among cultivars tested, followed by Pink Lady and Fuji. The calcium concentration in mature fruits from high to low is as follows： Starkrimson, Sansa, Pink Lady, Senshu, Gala, Fuji, Red General and New Century. In this study, it was found that eight cultivars continuously assimilated calcium during the whole growing season, especially at the young stage when fruit took up 35-46% of total calcium. The calcium content in fruitlets was low in all cultivars; in the expansion stage, there was rapid absorption of about 30% of total calcium, whereas in the ripening fruit, content of calcium was reduced. The calcium accumulation increased with fruit growth in stalk, similar to that in fruit.     

阿维菌素对黄鳝及棘头虫的毒性影响

采用常温静水试验法和体外杀虫试验法分别进行阿维菌素对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)和黄鳝体内棘头虫的急性毒性试验.结果表明,阿维菌素对黄鳝的24、48 h的丰致死浓度(95%可信区间)分别为0.091 4 mg·L-1(0.079 9-0.104 6 mg·L-1)和0.074 5 mg·L-1(0.0655～0.084 8 mg·L-1),96 h 半致死浓度(95%可信区间)为0.067 8mg·L-1(0.059 8～0.0770mg·L-1),安全浓度(Sc)为0.006 8mg·L-1.阿维菌素对棘头虫24、48 h的半致死浓度(95%可信区间)分别为0.053 9mg·L-1(0.0474～0.061 3mg·L-1)、0.045 2mg·L-1(0.040 7～0.052 6 mg·L-1),96 h半致死浓度(95%可信区间)为0.041 1 mg·L-1(0.036 2～0.046 7 mg·L-1),安全浓度(Sc)为0.004 1 mg·L-1.在养殖黄鳝过程中防治棘头虫时,阿维菌素的使用浓度可以选择在0.053 9～0.067 8mg·L-1范围内.     

海岛棉植株测试推荐施肥技术初步研究

通过膜下滴灌条件下海岛棉多水平氮肥试验,分析了海岛棉倒四叶叶柄硝酸盐浓度、生物量、植株全氮和产量的关系,结果表明:海岛棉倒四叶叶柄硝酸盐浓度能够快速、灵敏地反映作物的氮营养状况,可用作海岛棉的氮素营养诊断及氮肥需要量的测算指标.用一元二次模型模拟氮肥与产量之间的关系,得到经济氮量为206 kg/hm2,相应产量为1 182 kg/hm2,棉株花期叶柄硝酸盐浓度与施氮量和产量之间有显著的相关性,以此为依据建立海岛棉植株硝酸盐诊断的氮肥推荐模型,并计算出花期时不同硝酸盐测试值所对应的氮肥追肥用量.     

江苏省工业化发展与污染物排放的相关分析

科学地判断一个区域工业化发展水平,对于贯彻落实科学发展观,走新型工业化道路具有重要的意义。借鉴相关理论研究江苏省工业化发展水平及其与污染物排放的相关关系,结果显示,江苏全省处于较高工业化水平阶段,但区域差异显著;随着全省综合工业指数增长,工业COD排放对环境的压力先变小后变大,工业SO2排放对环境的压力缓慢增长,而工业固废产生量带来的环境压力则迅速增长。为了缓解工业发展对环境的压力,江苏省应采取改变工业发展模式,大力发展循环经济等措施。     

基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法

利用噪声与图像双树复数小波变换各层系数的关系,提出基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法并进行了试验.结果表明,该估计方法与图像噪声水平近似线性相关,能很好地反映各层系数的噪声水平.双变量收缩函数阈值去噪法采用该估计比采用全局噪声水平估计去噪效果更好,平均结构相似度明显提高.     

黄土高原森林带人工油松林水土保持作用

采用长期定位观测方法,建立标准人工径流小区,观测了3种处理人工油松林地及对照农地的径流量和产沙量。结果表明:(1)农地14 a平均土壤侵蚀量分别为自然油松林、采伐上层乔木林地、去枯落物地的908、97、58倍;(2)农地14 a平均含沙量分别为自然油松林地、去枯落物地和采伐上层乔木林地的81、35和46倍;(3)自然油松林和采伐上层乔木林地年产流量分别为农地的13.7%和12.2%;(4)综合分析对于不同类型、农地的径流与降雨量、含沙量与降雨强度均存在显著的相关关系。土壤侵蚀量与各降雨因子的相关性与含沙量的相似。