棉花3个脂肪酸碳链延长基因的cDNA克隆和表达分析

【目的】克隆棉花脂肪酸合成碳链延长的3个重要基因,分析它们的基因表达及其对逆境胁迫的反应,为棉花高油分育种和抗逆育种提供候选基因。【方法】采用同源克隆的方法,克隆陆地棉脂肪酸合成碳链延长3个重要基因GhKAR、GhHAD和GhENR的cDNA全长;应用生物信息学方法,分析克隆基因编码蛋白的特性;通过RT-PCR,分析目标基因的组织表达特征、时空表达水平和非生物胁迫条件下的表达特性。【结果】GhKAR和GhENR属于NADB Rosemann超基因家族,GhHAD属于hotdog超基因家族;GhKAR、GhHAD和GhENR的cDNA全长分别为1 119、906和1 318 bp,分别编码283、221、394个氨基酸;它们在根、茎、叶及胚珠发育不同时期均有表达。3个基因在高油材料中的基因表达水平都高于低油材料;20DPA（days post anthesis）到30DPA是高低油材料油分积累的主要时期,而30DPA到成熟期是高低油材料油分含量差距产生的关键时期。20DPA低油材料3个基因均有一个表达低值,高油材料基因表达量则持续升高;30DPA时表达量达到最高,其中,对于GhHAD和GhENR的表达量,棉花高油材料为低油材料2倍以上。不同非生物胁迫的诱导表达分析表明,GhKAR、GhHAD和GhENR都不同程度地受低温诱导,GhKAR和GhHAD在ABA诱导时上调表达,但都不受MeJA诱导表达;而GhENR在MeJA诱导2 h时上调表达,之后逐渐下调,受ABA诱导不明显。【结论】获得了GhKAR、GhHAD、GhENR 3个基因cDNA全长,通过基因表达特征分析,3个基因的表达可能对种子油分积累起着重要作用,同时在棉花抗逆方面也起一定的生理作用。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

基于地统计的额济纳绿洲地下水位埋深空间异质性研究

利用地统计学方法定量研究了额济纳绿洲地下水位埋深的空间异质性.结果表明:额济纳绿洲地下水位埋深分布有较大的空间异质性,地下水位埋深的理论模型为球体模型;额济纳绿洲地下水位埋深主要受结构性因子的影响;地下水位埋深的变程在22.6km左右.地下水位埋深的空间分布总体上表现为从南到北,从西向东逐渐增大的分布格局.局部分布上,...     

秸秆还田及施肥对小麦复种油菜农田土壤呼吸的影响

在甘肃省石羊河绿洲灌区连续3 a的小麦复种油菜田间定位试验的基础上,采用EGM-4密闭式土壤呼吸测量系统,测定了不同施肥水平和不同秸秆还田方式下小麦复种油菜农田的土壤呼吸速率。结果表明：在整个观测期内, 土壤呼吸速率最高值出现在8月下旬（152.06~199.58 mg•m^-2•h^-1）,最低值出现在10月中旬（12.67~19.01 mg•m^-2•h^-1）。土壤呼吸速率日变化呈单峰曲线,最高值出现在12:00-14:00, 4:00左右达最低值;不同秸秆还田方式下, 高茬收割免耕播种油菜的处理明显降低了土壤呼吸速率,且在秸秆处理后的油菜生育期内降低效果更加明显;不同施肥水平下,在N、P减量15%的情况下,土壤呼吸速率显著下降;各试验处理措施下, 土壤呼吸速率与5 cm和10 cm土壤温度、30 cm各层土壤含水量均呈极显著正相关,并且土壤呼吸速率与0~30 cm土壤水分的相关性较土壤温度高;不同处理下土壤呼吸速率与土壤孔隙度基本上呈负相关,但是两者之间相关性并不显著。     

提高湖南省杂交棉种质量水平的商榷

在市场经济迅速发展、种子生产、流通量不断增加和加入WTO的新形势下，充分提高湖南省棉种的质量水平，推动棉种产业化的健康发展，对农民增收、农村稳定具有重大的现实意义。本文简要介绍了提高湖南棉种质量水平的紧迫性和可行性。在此基础上提出了提高棉种质量水平促进产业化发展的几点建议。     

Seasonal changes in the crude protein concentration of mixed swards of white clover/perennial ryegrass grown without fertilizer N in an organic farming system in the United Kingdom

Changes in the crude protein (CP) concentration of white clover and perennial ryegrass herbage from a mixed sward were determined on six sampling dates from May to October in each of 2 years. The swards were grown without fertilizer N in an organic farming system and continuously grazed by dairy cows during the grazing season. The annual mean contents of white clover in the dry matter (DM) of the sward were 272·3 and 307·0 g kg⁻¹ in Years 1 and 2. The mean CP concentrations of the white clover and perennial ryegrass herbage were 251·6 and 151·9 g kg⁻¹ DM in Year 1 and 271·9 and 174·0 g kg⁻¹ DM in Year 2 respectively. The CP concentration of the white clover increased significantly during the grazing season from 220·0 to 284·1 g kg⁻¹ DM in Year 1 and from 269·0 to 315·5 g kg⁻¹ DM in Year 2. In the perennial ryegrass herbage the CP concentration increased from 112·2 to 172·6 g kg⁻¹ DM in Year 1 and from 142·7 to 239·5 g kg⁻¹ DM in Year 2. The rate of increase during the season in the CP concentration of the perennial ryegrass herbage was similar to the rate of increase recorded in the white clover herbage.     

工业氟污染对小尾寒羊牙齿和骨骼中氟含量的影响

于工业氟污染区选取4只雌性氟斑牙小尾寒羊作为试验组,于氟安全区另选4只健康小尾寒羊作为对照组;分别采集其肋骨及牙齿,利用氟离子选择电极法测定了其骨氟及牙氟含量。结果表明,氟污染区小尾寒羊的骨骼和牙齿中氟含量均明显高于氟安全区,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;氟污染区骨氟含量较对照组相对增长了73.5%;试验组牙氟含量较对照组相对增长了161.6%;表明氟在牙齿中的蓄积程度高于骨骼。本试验为进一步研究氟中毒对牙齿和骨骼的损伤机理奠定基础。     

Plasma levels of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion of ketamine and its effect on single and repeated nociceptive stimuli in conscious dogs

This study quantitatively investigated the analgesic action of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (as a 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ bolus and at a dose rate of 10 μg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) in conscious dogs using a nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and with enantioselective measurement of plasma levels of ketamine and norketamine. Withdrawal reflexes evoked by transcutaneous single and repeated electrical stimulation (10 pulses, 5 Hz) of the digital plantar nerve were recorded from the biceps femoris muscle using surface electromyography.Ketamine did not affect NWR thresholds or the recruitment curves after a single nociceptive stimulation. Temporal summation (as evaluated by repeated stimuli) and the evoked behavioural response scores were however reduced compared to baseline demonstrating the antinociceptive activity of ketamine correlated with the peak plasma concentrations. Thereafter the plasma levels at pseudo-steady-state did not modulate temporal summation. Based on these experimental findings low-dose ketamine CRI cannot be recommended for use as a sole analgesic in the dog.     

乳业产业系统发展状态测度研究——基于协同论的实证分析

科学测度乳业产业系统发展状态,是提升乳业竞争力和实现乳业可持续发展的内在要求。乳业产业系统具有复杂性和内部交互性,可划分为原料乳供应、乳制品加工、乳制品销售和乳制品消费4个子系统。基于协同理论,采用驰豫系数法,利用2006—2015年中国乳业数据,分析乳业产业系统发展状况和各子系统的有序发展状况,探讨其协调发展水平。结果表明,乳业产业系统协同度最高值仅为0.024,尚未形成良好的发展状态;各子系统有序度水平均处于较低水平,最高值为0.244,其中乳制品加工子系统有序度水平相对较高,但上升缓慢。乳业产业各子系统之间存在着相互作用,乳制品加工与乳制品消费子系统的相互影响最强,而原料乳供应与乳制品销售子系统的相互影响最弱。研究表明,要实现乳业产业系统高效协同发展,需要乳业产业所有子系统的运营状态都提高。因此,提出加强优质奶源基地和优质饲草体系建设;继续实行乳企兼并重组战略、丰富产品结构以深入开发国内外市场、加强乳企品牌建设;加强行业发展成就展示和消费引导等促进乳业可持续发展的政策建议。