桐油控释复合肥在烤烟上的应用效果

以自然资源桐油为控释材料(从油桐果实中提取),生产控释肥料,进行烟草温室无土栽培盆栽试验,研究桐油控释复合肥在烤烟上的应用效果。结果表明:在温室环境条件下,桐油控释复合肥的养分初期溶出率为2.8%;施用控释复合肥的产量高出普通复合肥处理26.7 g/株;桐油控释复合肥与普通复合肥相比,每克肥料要多生产烤烟2.2 g。说明桐油控释复合肥具有很好的生产性。     

Effects of Magnesium Compound with Fertilizer on Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） Growth and Soil Nutrients

Effects of two kinds of magnesium compound with fertilizer on Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） growth, yield, and soil nutrients in red soil were studied. The results indicated that significant effects of magnesium applied to soils were observed in increasing Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） yield, improving its growth, and strengthening its antivirus property as well as increasing the amount of exchangeable Mg, N, P, and K in red soil. In particular, the effects of magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅱ （MCF2） with higher Mg content were better than that of the others, which increased Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） yield by 57.4, 32.8, and 14.5% compared to that of control treatment （CK）, chemical fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium treatment （CF）, and magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅰ treatment （MCF1） with lower Mg content. It increased soil Alkali N, available P, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Mg by 94.9, 46.5, 31.1, and 35.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK treatment. Therefore, the application of magnesium compound with fertilizer is an optimum method for improving red soil quality.     

苯甲酸荧光法研究牛血酶解液锌螯合物清除羟自由基活性

研究牛血酶解液锌螯合物通过苯甲酸荧光法清除羟自由基的效果,为提高动物血液蛋白资源的利用和开发抗氧化活性新物质提供理论依据。建立了苯甲酸荧光光度法,确定使用该方法时苯甲酸的加入量和反应时间,研究H2O2用量对荧光强度的影响和牛血酶解液锌螯合物对羟自由基的清除效果。当苯甲酸浓度为0.6 mmol/L,反应时间为20 min时,荧光强度最大;当H2O2浓度在10~50 mmol/L时,H2O2浓度与产物的荧光强度呈线性关系;牛血酶解液锌螯合物有较强的羟自由基清除能力,达到80.8%(RSD=2.6%),比同浓度Vc溶液的清除效果好。苯甲酸荧光光度法操作简便,灵敏度高,重现性好,且不受水解液中血红素的干扰,可广泛用于水溶性有色抗氧化物质清除羟自由基能力的检测。     

复方中药多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和激素水平的影响

试验选用(28±2)日龄体重为(8.5±0.5)kg的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪60头,随机分为6组,每组10头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 0.3%复方中药多糖、基础日粮 0.6%复方中药多糖、基础日粮 0.9%复方中药多糖、基础日粮 0.6%白术多糖、基础日粮 100 mg/kg金霉素,试验期为14天.结果表明,随着复方中药多糖用量的增加,断奶仔猪的日增重和激素水平(胰岛素、生长激素、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸)明显提高,料肉比降低;饲喂白术多糖和抗生素的仔猪也表现出优于单喂基础日粮仔猪的趋势.根据试验结果认为,0.9%复方中药多糖的添加效果最好.     

中药复方制剂对患子宫内膜炎奶牛部分血液学指标的影响

为探讨中药复方对患有子宫内膜炎奶牛部分血液学指标的影响,对12头用药前后奶牛血液中的Ca、P、血红蛋白含量、红细胞沉降率进行了测定,并对血液中的红细胞、白细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞进行了计数.结果显示,中药复方能够显著增加血液中的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、淋巴细胞和单核细胞比例(P<0.05),极显著降低血液中的中性粒细胞比例(P<0.01),表明中药复方能够调节部分血液指标使之恢复到正常水平,这可能也是该药发挥药效的途径之一.     

添加复合酶和制粒对肉鸡次粉-杂粕-植酸酶型日粮主要养分利用率的影响

【目的】研究复合酶对粉状及颗粒状次粉-杂粕-植酸酶型日粮能量及养分利用率的影响,为复合酶在肉鸡饲料中的合理应用提供依据。【方法】选择健康、体质量1.8~2.0 kg的黄羽公鸡20只,随机分成4组,每组5只,一组为内源组,其余3组分别强饲次粉-杂粕-植酸酶型基础日粮的粉料(对照组)、基础日粮+0.25 kg/t复合酶的粉料和基础日粮+0.25 kg/t复合酶的颗粒料。收集强饲后36 h内的排泄物,测定有机物(OM)、Ca、P、粗蛋白(CP)和氨基酸利用率以及代谢能。【结果】(1)日粮中添加复合酶可显著提高黄羽公鸡对OM、Ca、P、CP、总氨基酸的表观利用率和真利用率、表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME);(2)与粉料相比,颗粒料使黄羽公鸡对OM、Ca、P、CP的表观利用率和真利用率及AME和TME进一步提高(P<0.05或0.01),对总氨基酸表观利用率和真利用率有提高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】添加复合酶和制粒可显著提高肉鸡对次粉-杂粕-植酸酶型日粮能量及主要养分的利用率。     

中药复方制剂对大肠埃希菌多重耐药基因AcrA的影响

试验分别用精提和粗提的中药复方制剂"连黄"作用多重耐药的大肠埃希菌,提取其基因组DNA,并以大肠埃希菌AcrA的编码序列设计引物,成功扩增出AcrA基因中1 005bp大小的片段,与中药作用前的多重耐药基因AcrA的碱基序列进行对比分析.从分子生物学水平上探讨中药复方制剂时大肠埃希菌多重耐药基因AcrA的影响.结果表明.精提和粗提的中药复方制剂均能改变AcrA基因的编码序列,但精提制剂较粗提制剂对AcrA基因的影响更大.     

油菜素内酯与CaCl2复配对复合逆境下黄瓜幼苗的诱抗作用

为了明确油菜素内酯(Brassinolide,BR)与氯化钙(Calcium Chloride,CaCl2)复配对盐胁迫、灰霉病菌侵染复合逆境下黄瓜(Cucumis sativusL.)幼苗的诱抗作用,采用根际注射结合叶面喷洒的方法,测定了复合逆境下黄瓜幼苗的盐害和病害指数、保护酶活性和抗病相关物质含量等生理指标。结果表明:BR与CaCl2复配处理使黄瓜幼苗的盐害和病情指数最高分别比对照降低了91.04%、17.89%;提高了黄瓜叶片中脯氨酸和木质素含量,最高分别比对照增加了24.99%、22.66%;降低了电解质渗出率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,最高分别比对照降低了43.81%、50.52%;增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。综合作用效果,BR与CaCl2复配优于BR或CaCl2单一处理。     

Release Characteristics of Different N Forms in an Uncoated Slow/Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer

This study examined the release characteristics of different N forms in an uncoated slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer （UCRF） and the N uptake and N-use efficiency by rice plants. Water dissolution, soil leaching, and pot experiments were employed. The dynamics of N release from the UCRF could be quantitatively described by three equations： the first-order kinetics equation [N1=N0 （1-e^-kt）], Elovich equation （N1=a ＋ blnt）, and parabola equation （N1=a ＋ bt^0.5）, with the best fitting by the first-order kinetics equation for different N （r= 0.9569^＊＊-0.9999^＊＊）. The release potentials （No values estimated by the first-order kinetics equation） of different N in the UCRF decreased in the order of total N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^-N in water, and total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NO3^--N in soil, respectively, being in accordance with cumulative amounts of N release. The constants of N release rate （k values and b values） for different N forms were in decreasing order of total N 〉 DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^--N in water, whereas the k values were urea- N 〉DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 total N 〉 NO3^--N, and the b values were total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 NO3^--N 〉 urea-N in soil. Compared with a common compound fertilizer, the N-use efficiency, N-agronomy efficiency, and N-physiological efficiency of the UCRF were increased by 11.4%, 8.32 kg kg^-1, and 5.17 kg kg^-1, respectively. The ratios of different N to total N in the UCRF showed significant correlation with N uptake by rice plants. The findings showed that the first-order kinetics equation [Nt=N0 （l-e^kt）] could be used to describe the release characteristics of different N forms in the fertilizer. The UCRF containing different N forms was more effective in facilitating N uptake by rice compared with the common compound fertilizer containing single urea-N form.     

复合微生物菌剂对番茄青枯病和土壤微生物多样性的影响

采用微生物培养和BIOLOG GN2微平板培养,研究了施入自制的复合微生物菌剂对番茄青枯病和土壤微生物多样性的影响.平板抑菌试验结果表明,复合菌剂对番茄青枯病菌有一定的拮抗作用;盆栽试验结果显示,施入复合菌剂后,可延缓青枯病发病时间并降低发病率;不同程度地提高了土壤微生物群落的平均每孔颜色变化率(AWCD)和多样性指数;主成分分析表明,施入复合菌剂的处理,在番茄生长中期,土壤微生物群落功能较相似,其菌群特征是对糖类和聚合物优先利用,对羧酸类利用率则较低.