小麦生理型雄性不育系微丝骨架和胼胝质的变化与其相关基因的表达分析

【目的】研究生理型雄性不育小麦花粉细胞内微丝和胼胝质的结构及其相关基因的表达,并揭示其与生理型雄性不育的关系,为进一步研究化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导小麦生理型雄性不育的机理提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导的生理型雄性不育系ms(A)-西农1376及对应正常可育系(A)-西农1376为试材,用TRITC-phalloidin标记细胞内微丝,苯胺蓝标记胼胝质,qRT-PCR技术分别对肌动蛋白解聚因子TaADF（Actin depolymerizing factor）、类葡聚糖合成酶TaGSL（Glucan synthase-like）进行差异表达分析。【结果】(1)在减数分裂前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ这三个时期,生理型雄性不育系花粉细胞的微丝结构与可育系没有显著差异：前期Ⅰ,微丝分布于整个细胞质中,细胞核区域也可见少量微丝环绕细胞核;中期Ⅰ,微丝分布在细胞质中,在形成纺锤体部位染色更深,形成纺锤体微丝,由细胞两极发出的纺锤体微丝伸向赤道板;后期Ⅰ,在向两极移动的染色体的中间部位染色较深,微丝分布较多。(2)在早末期Ⅰ,与可育系相比,不育系花粉细胞没有形成清晰且明显可见的中国灯笼状成膜体微丝结构,且在细胞中线部位亦没有清晰可见的微丝累积。(3)晚末期Ⅰ,可育系花粉细胞在形成细胞板的部位是线性的、平滑的,成膜体微丝消失,而不育系花粉细胞在形成细胞板的部位形成了很大的缝隙,同时,可育系胼胝质在细胞板处的沉积比较平滑,而不育系胼胝质在细胞板处的沉积较可育系相比缺乏,并且是褶皱的、有裂纹的。(4)四分体时期,可育系花粉可见围绕细胞核的辐射状微丝,不育系花粉细胞中微丝呈模糊状态,并且不育系中胼胝质染色的整体荧光强度较可育系减弱。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析肌动蛋白解聚因子TaADF和类葡聚糖合成酶TaGSL在减数分裂期的相对表达量,结果发现,不育系中TaADF的相对表达量是可育系的4.28倍,由于TaADF表达量上调,加剧了细胞内微丝解聚,微丝结构受到破坏,同时不育系中TaGSL表达量下降,只有可育系的0.83倍,胼胝质的沉积也受到影响。【结论】TaADF在不育系中上调表达,破坏了细胞内微丝的正常结构,使微丝不能正常行使其功能,进而可能导致花药发育中与育性相关的某些代谢通路等受到影响。与此同时,微丝结构的破坏导致细胞板形成出现异常也可能是引起胼胝质在细胞板处沉积受到影响的一个重要原因。因此,微丝和胼胝质的异常变化与化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导的生理型雄性不育密切相关。     

Development and verification of saphenous, tibial and common peroneal nerve block techniques for analgesia below the thigh in the nonchondrodystrophoid dog

OBJECTIVE: To document simple and reliable local, infiltrating nerve blocks for the saphenous, tibial and common peroneal nerves in the dog. STUDY DESIGN: Laboratory technique development; in vivo blind, controlled, prospective study. ANIMALS: Twenty canine cadavers and 18 clinically normal, client-owned dogs. METHODS: A peripheral nerve blockade technique of the tibial, common peroneal, and saphenous nerves was perfected through anatomic dissection. Injections were planned in the caudal thigh for the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and in the medial thigh for the saphenous nerve. Cadaver limbs were injected with methylene blue dye and subsequently dissected to confirm successful dye placement. Clinically normal dogs undergoing general anesthesia for unrelated, elective procedures were randomly assigned to treatment (bupivacaine; n = 8) or control (saline; n = 8) nerve blocks of the nerves under study. Upon recovery from general anesthesia, skin sensation in selected dermatomes was evaluated for 24 hours. RESULTS: Cadaver tibial, common peroneal, and saphenous perineural infiltrations were successful in nonchondrodystrophoid dogs (100, 100, and 97%, respectively.) Intraneural injection was rare (1%; 1/105; tibial nerve) in cadaver dogs. In the treatment group of normal dogs, duration of loss of cutaneous sensation in some dermatomes (saphenous, superficial and deep peroneal nerve) was significantly different than control dogs; the range of desensitization occurred for 1-20 hours. No clinical morbidity was detected. CONCLUSIONS: This technique for local blockade of the tibial, common peroneal, and saphenous nerves just proximal to the stifle is easy to perform, requires minimal supplies and results in significant desensitization of the associated dermatomes in clinically normal, nonchondrodystrophoid dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This technique may be an effective tool for post-operative analgesia to the femoro-tibial joint and distal pelvic limb. Other applications, using sustained-release drugs or methods, may include anesthesia/analgesia in high-risk patients or as a treatment for chronic pelvic limb pain or self-mutilation.     

Screening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) for resistance against temperate root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

BACKGROUND: An important part of the production area of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Belgium is located on the sandy soils of the provinces of Antwerp and Limburg where Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Golden), M. fallax (Karssen) and M. hapla (Chitwood) are present. The host plant status of ten bean cultivars for root‐knot nematodes was determined by evaluating penetration, development and egg mass formation after inoculation with second‐stage juveniles. RESULTS: The tested cultivars were poor to good hosts for M. chitwoodi, non‐hosts or bad hosts for M. fallax and excellent hosts for M. hapla. Significantly fewer M. fallax were found in the roots, and their development was delayed. Penetration of M. hapla took place over a longer period than that of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. The number of mature females of M. chitwoodi in cv. Polder 6 weeks after inoculation was no different from that in other cultivars, although fewer egg masses were found on this cultivar in the screening test. There was no influence of M. chitwoodi on vegetative growth of cv. Polder. CONCLUSION: The differences found in host plant status of bean cultivars stress the importance of a correct diagnosis of the Meloidogyne species in agricultural fields. Cultivar Polder showed potential as a trap crop for M. chitwoodi. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

箭筈豌豆种子人工加速老化条件筛选的研究

人工加速老化法是种子活力测定的常用方法之一,但不同物种适宜的老化条件往往不同。以9个箭筈豌豆种批为材料,在100%相对湿度,41、43及45 ℃条件分别老化处理12、24、36、48、60及72 h,通过测定发芽率及发芽速率,筛选出箭筈豌豆适宜的人工加速老化条件。结果表明,老化温度、时间以及两者的交互作用对发芽率及发芽速率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。随着老化温度及时间的增加,发芽率逐渐下降,老化处理48 h后发芽率均显著降低(P<0.05)(除种批6);发芽速率先增加后降低,24 h后呈现下降趋势。相关分析结果表明老化时间对箭筈豌豆发芽率和发芽速率的影响大于温度。在41 ℃-60 h老化条件下,发芽率和发芽速率分别将9个种批分为8和6个质量等级,比其他老化处理条件划分更多的质量等级,且各质量等级之间差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,41 ℃-60 h是箭筈豌豆适宜的人工加速老化条件。     

上海社区常见园林植物固碳释氧效应及优化配置对策

通过对上海社区绿地常见27种园林植物进行夏季光合速率测定,比较分析其固碳释氧效应,同时对植物固碳释氧量与形态指标进行相关性分析,找出影响社区绿地植物固碳释氧量的主要因子。结果表明,27种供试树种单位叶面积、单位土地面积及单株植物固碳释氧量各有差异,其中单位叶面积固碳释氧量最大为女贞;单位土地面积固碳释氧量最大为垂柳;单株植物固碳释氧量最大为香樟。27种供试树种单位土地面积日固碳释氧量与叶面积指数、胸径具有极显著的正相关性,与树冠直径、树高没有相关性;单株植物日固碳释氧量与树冠直径、胸径、树高、叶面积指数具有极显著的正相关性。     

不同打顶时间与方法对甜荞产量及其构成因素的影响

不同打顶时间与方法对甜荞产量及其性状的影响研究结果表明:甜荞盛花期(田间有60%的植株开花时)打顶能显著提高单产和结实率;以盛花期主茎、侧枝顶端均打顶产量最高。其原因主要是打顶可明显降低株高、增加各级分枝数、减少单株花数、增加单株粒数、提高单株结实率、提高单株产量,从而提高单产。     

Reproductive ability of second generation ornamental (koi) carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids and characteristics of their offspring

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive ability of second generation (F₂) koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids. Only diploid F₂ males and females were fertile and used in crosses. A significant increase was recorded in male fertility in F₂ versus F₁. In contrast with an earlier study in which only one fertile F₁ male was found, about 20% of F₂ males produced sperm. The observed reproductive ability of F₂ hybrids was similar to that demonstrated by the only fertile F₁ male and F₁ females. F₂ males produced diploid spermatozoa and generated triploids when crossed with koi females. All triploid fish in these progenies were males indicating that F₂ males had a sex chromosome constitution of XY. F₂ females produced diploid eggs and generated mostly triploids when crossed with koi males. In progenies obtained by crosses of F₂ males with F₁ and F₂ females, most of the surviving juveniles (63%–100%) were diploid; a minority of juveniles were aneuploid (ploidy ranged from 2.1n to 3.6n). Diploid fish in these progenies were presumably the result of spontaneous androgenesis and gynogenesis, by the same mechanisms observed earlier in progenies obtained by crossing the F₁ male with F₁ females.     

高白度低PPO活性小麦种质筛选

本试验对142份小麦种质资源的面粉白度和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性进行测定,结果表明：面粉白度值高于国家一级粉标准的有73份,占样本总数的51.4%;样本PPO活性低于100 AU.min-1.g-1有41份,占供试样本的28.9%;筛选出9份面粉白度值高于80%,且同时具有较低PPO活性（〈100 AU.min-1.g-1）的小麦种质,可作为小麦白度性状改良的遗传材料。     

掺烧比对共轨柴油机燃用LNG-柴油双燃料循环变动的影响

【目的】研究掺混比对双燃料发动机循环变动的影响,将电控共轨柴油机改装为柴油引燃天然气的双燃料发动机,天然气在进气歧管前通过混合器与空气混合,引燃柴油由原高压共轨系统供应,喷油量和喷油正时由双燃料ECU控制.【方法】利用发动机试验台架,对比分析了转速为1 600r/min、50%负荷和1 200r/min、100%负荷下,柴油机和不同掺烧比的LNG-柴油双燃料发动机的燃烧循环变动.【结果】随掺烧比的增大,转速为1 600r/min、负荷为50%时,双燃料发动机峰值压力平均值增大,而转速为1 200r/min、负荷为100%时,双燃料发动机的峰值压力先增大后减小;峰值压力标准差增大,循环分布分散;峰值压力升高率的平均值和标准差均增大,循环分布分散;平均指示压力平均值降低,标准差增大.【结论】与柴油机相比,双燃料发动机循环变动系数增大.     

Establishment of a new cell line susceptible to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) and possible latency of CyHV‐3 by temperature shift in the cells

A new cell line named CCF‐K104 predominantly consisting of fibroblastic cells showed optimal growth at temperatures from 25 °C to 30 °C. Serial morphological changes in the cells induced by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) included cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, cell rounding and detachment. Mature virions were purified from CyHV‐3‐infected CCF‐K104 cells by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and had a typical herpesvirus structure on electron microscopy. Infectious CyHV‐3 was produced stably in CCF‐K104 cells over 30 viral passages. Our findings showed that CCF‐K104 is a useful cell line for isolation and productive replication of CyHV‐3. A temperature shift from 25 °C to 15 °C or 35 °C did not allow serial morphological changes as observed at 25 °C for 14 days. Under the same conditions, real‐time PCR showed that CyHV‐3 was present with low viral DNA loads, suggesting that CyHV‐3 may establish latent infection in CCF‐K104 cells. Amplification of the left and right terminal repeat sequences of the CyHV‐3 genome arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner was detected by nested PCR following an upshift in temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C. The PCR results suggested that the circular genome may represent a latent form of CyHV‐3.