某犬场一起群发性尿石症的临床病理学研究

南京某地犬场爆发一起尿石症,其发病率为34.44%（62/180）,致死率为45.16%（28/62）,且发病持续时间较长。B超探查病犬肾脏和膀胱内出现点状或团块状强回声,表明有晶体存在;组织学检查,肾脏沉积的结晶体导致肾组织变性;患病犬的尿液和生化指标显示肾功能障碍;对结石成分进行扫描电镜观察,结晶体多呈球状,表明为黄嘌呤结石。     

苜蓿叶象甲的耐寒性研究

为探讨苜蓿叶象甲(Hypera postica)的耐寒性,测定了不同虫态以及越冬成虫的过冷却点和冰点.结果表明,苜蓿叶象甲成虫、长翅型蛹、短翅型蛹、四龄幼虫以及三龄幼虫的过冷却点依次为-20.46、-10.34、-9.55、-10.0和-9.75℃,冰点依次为-18.24、-6.68、-6.52,-7.52和-7.86...     

The population dynamics of a recently introduced crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868), in the Sanyati Basin of Lake Kariba,Zimbabwe

The redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is a recent introduction into Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe where it is rapidly spreading. There are, however, no studies that have investigated the population dynamics and possible ecological impacts of the crayfish in the lake. This study investigated aspects of the population biology of C. quadricarinatus in the lake. These included sex distribution, population growth and mortality parameters, probability of capture, recruitment and length at age of ge at maturity. Crayfish were captured monthly between January and December 2013 from 13 sites using opera house bait traps. Aspects of the species population biology were estimated using a fish stock assessment tool, FISAT II. A total of 3 205 crayfish were captured, of which 44% were male, 49% female and 7% intersex individuals. The asymptotic length (L_∞ = 112.88 mm), curvature parameter (k = 0.72), longevity (t_max = 4.17 years), growth performance index (? = 3.96), total mortality (Z = 2.06 y^?1), fishing mortality (F = 1.07 y^?1), natural mortality (M = 0.99 y^?1), rate of exploitation (E = 0.52) and length-at-first capture (L_c = 44.48 mm) were estimated. Fecundity averaged 503 ± 229 eggs female?1 and increased with size (weight and carapace length). Gravid females were found throughout the year but the highest proportion of females with eggs (4–10%) were found in the first quarter, whereas recruitment peaked in May and June. The smallest crayfish with eggs (48.75 mm CL) was estimated to be 1.02 years and the largest (94.82 mm CL) 2.85 years. Cherax quadricarinatus exhibited an r strategy life-history pattern due to continuous reproduction and high fecundity. In Lake Kariba, C. quadricarinatus is now well into the establishment stage of the Introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum and spreading in the lake. Management options should thus aim at preventing further spread and reducing the population size and the potential negative impacts of this species.     

D-Dimer Improves the Prognostic Value of Combined Clinical and Laboratory Data in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic

The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A₂, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting non-survivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the “classical parameters”, (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A₂, and Cl^- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.     

雏鸡冷应激前后血清中差异蛋白质组学研究

本试验旨在比较分析雏鸡冷应激前后血清中蛋白质的表达差异,并对重点差异蛋白质进行鉴定。将30只雏鸡随机分为3组,分别为冷应激组、冷适应组和常温对照组,收集各组雏鸡的血液制备血清后进行双向凝胶电泳(2-DE),以获得血清蛋白质表达的2-DE图谱,对2-DE图谱进行差异分析(利用PDQuest 8.0软件),随后采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对差异表达蛋白质进行鉴定,并利用蛋白质印迹(Western blot)方法进行验证。结果显示:通过2-DE对常温对照组、冷应激组和冷适应组雏鸡血清进行分析,得到了比较完整的差异蛋白质数据,共找到差异蛋白质点23个。采用MALDI-TOF-MS技术分析其中几个重复性好且较为明显的蛋白质点,成功鉴定出4个差异蛋白质,其中2个为果糖二磷酸醛缩酶C(ALDOC),是参与葡萄糖、能量代谢通路供能的相关蛋白;随后,对差异蛋白质ALDOC进行Western blot验证,所得结果与2-DE的结果相一致。结果表明,雏鸡冷应激前后血清中蛋白质的表达具有明显的差异,这些蛋白质的表达差异可能与冷应激有关。     

Effect of animal age,postmortem chilling rate,and aging time on meat quality attributes of water buffalo and humped cattle bulls

The study was aimed to investigate the influence of animal age, post‐slaughter chilling rate, and aging time on meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and humped cattle (Bos taurus indicus) bulls. After slaughtering, one side of carcasses was subjected to rapid chilling (RC) (0 ± 2°C) and other side was hanged in controlled room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 3 hr, then allowed to the chiller (0 ± 2°C). The meat quality traits were analyzed at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage. It was noted that rapidly chilled carcasses from the younger animals of both species missed the ideal pH/temperature window, which affects the toughness of the meat. Buffalo meat presented higher shear force, color L* values, and lower b* value as compared to the cattle meat. Moreover, meat shear force values decreased while all color coordinates and cooking loss values increased with lengthening the storage time in both age groups of cattle and buffalo. In conclusion, the tenderness of cattle meat was superior to that of buffalo and RC adversely affect the shear force values of young cattle and both age groups of buffalo bulls.     

硫酸二乙酯诱变苜蓿愈伤组织抗寒生理的研究

对诱导的苜蓿Medicago sativa愈伤组织进行不同浓度的硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,确定其半致死浓度,在-7℃低温下进行筛选,以获得抗寒性突变体;进行了相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶的活性等抗寒性生理指标的测定.结果表明,苜蓿愈伤组织经DES处理,DES的半致死浓度为0.3%,愈伤组织的抗寒性增强.     

苜蓿抗寒性及根蘖性状的表现与过氧化物酶同工酶关系的研究

测定了根蘖型和直根型苜蓿根、茎、芽的过氧化物酶同工酶的变化。结果表明,两类根系苜蓿同工酶谱带数目的变化均与季节温度变化相一致,但根蘖型苜蓿的数值明显大于直根型苜蓿,说明前者抗寒越冬力强于后者。变温处理后,４种抗寒性不同的苜蓿品种同工酶谱带数目及活性下降的顺序是：根蘖型苜蓿＜陇东苜蓿＜晋南苜蓿＜猎人河苜蓿。根蘖型苜蓿和直根型苜蓿根组织过氧化物酶谱明显不同,说明苜蓿根组织过氧化物酶同工酶的变化可能与控制根蘖性状的基因表达相关。     

公路对陆生脊椎动物影响的研究

公路在推动我国社会、经济发展的同时也对路域（沿带状公路向周围延伸一定距离的空间范围）野生动物产生了严重的负面影响,特别是陆生脊椎动物。本文就如何利用样带法和样方法对路域陆生脊椎动物种类、数量、公路交通造成的动物死亡数等进行调查作了详细阐述。结合国内外相关领域学者的研究成果分析了公路对不同类别或种类陆生脊椎动物的影响。呼吁国内学者开展更多公路对陆生脊椎动物影响的实质性研究,并将成果运用于研究地区以后的路网设计与改造实践中。     

超氧化物歧化酶在苜蓿抗寒锻炼过程中的作用

对苜蓿Medicago sativa抗寒锻炼过程中膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性进行测定,通过苜蓿组织冰冻半致死温度(LT50)说明在抗寒锻炼过程中苜蓿抗寒性的变化。结果表明,在不同低温处理下,苜蓿叶片和根茎组织电解质透出率呈现出S型曲线变化。抗寒锻炼过程中,苜蓿组织LT50从9月初的-6.9℃下降到11月初的-15.6℃,下降了8.7℃。随着秋季气温的下降,苜蓿叶片SOD活性显著增加,11月上旬达到最高峰,此后显著下降。这说明SOD在抗寒锻炼过程中起着重要的保护作用,当苜蓿获得抗寒能力后,SOD活性逐渐下降。在抗寒锻炼过程中,苜蓿根茎SOD活性的变化与叶片中SOD活性的变化规律不一致,苜蓿根茎中SOD活性水平显著高于叶片中的SOD活性水平。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果显示,不同苜蓿品种具有6条共同的SOD同工酶酶带。适应高寒地区气候条件的当地材料同德杂种苜蓿表现出与其他苜蓿品种较大的特异性。抑制试验表明苜蓿SOD为CuZn-SOD。