基于寒害过程的福建芒果种植气候风险区划

通过冬季寒害灾情调查、果园定位观测、地理移置和人工气候箱低温致灾试验4种渠道,收集芒果寒害的灾情样本39例,从而确定芒果寒害临界温度为2.0℃。在此基础上,筛选出福建芒果主产县市2001-2014年冬季28个寒害过程,通过将寒害过程温度、降水等气象因子与相对气象产量进行相关分析,确定芒果寒害致灾因子为过程极端最低气温、日最低气温≤2.0℃有害积寒、≤2.0℃寒害过程持续日数、≤2.0℃寒害过程降温幅度。利用主成分分析对4个致灾因子进行综合简化,得到芒果寒害评价的综合气候指标,结合相对气象产量确定了指标分级。根据寒害综合气候指标等级,应用GIS方法完成福建省芒果寒害种植气候风险区划,无寒害-轻度寒害的区域主要分布在沿海地区,是引种芒果优质品种寒害风险最低的区域。     

共和盆地近50年水资源的气候变化特征

利用青海省共和盆地2个站点1961-2007年的平均气温及降水量资料,分析了共和盆地水资源的气候变化特征。结果表明:年平均气温整体呈上升趋势,平均以0.38℃/10 a速率上升,气温偏高主要是在冬季,夏季变化幅度不大,1987年气温发生了由低到高的突变。近47 a来共和盆地的年降水量呈微弱的增加趋势,变化倾向率为1.9 mm/10 a。对共和盆地而言,尽管降水和气温都呈增加趋势,但由于降水增长引起的地表水资源的增加不足以抵消气温升高带来的影响,因而将导致可利用降水资源的总体降低趋势。     

三江平原农田生产力时空特征分析

为了提高农田生产力,该文基于EOS/MODIS卫星2000～2005年的MOD17A3数据集,分析了21世纪初三江平原农田生产力时间动态和空间分异特征。结果显示,2000～2005年三江平原旱田净初级生产力（换算成碳量）平均值为 348.06 g/(m2·a),水田净初级生产力平均值为339.90 g/(m2·a)。2000～2005年三江平原旱田年均净初级生产力下降率为7.2%,水田年平均净初级生产力下降率为9.9%。研究表明,三江平原地区气候变化对农田生产力的下降有一定影响,同时随着该地区人口和经济活动的增加,人类活动对土地利用的加剧,亦导致农田生产力的下降。旱田和水田生产力空间分布与降水分布的相关系数分别为0.177和0.156,表明降水对农田生产力空间差异影响显著。     

Linking geomorphic character,behaviour and condition to fluvial biodiversity: implications for river management

• 1. The River Styles^® framework is a geomorphic approach to the classification of river types, assessment of the physical condition of rivers, and planning of physical rehabilitation. However, the linkages between River Styles and aquatic biodiversity conservation are still only weakly developed.
• 2. In this study, 41 sites in the Bega River basin in New South Wales, Australia, were classified according to River Style and geomorphic condition, and surveyed for four biological assemblages: diatoms, aquatic and semi‐aquatic macrophytes, aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish.
• 3. Each assemblage differed significantly among River Styles. However, in the case of diatoms and fish, these differences could be accounted for by geographic clustering of sites in the same River Style, and a tendency for River Styles to occupy particular altitudinal zones and sizes of streams. This result was attributed to the overriding influences of water quality on diatoms and of altitude‐related variation in water temperature and distance from the ocean on fish. For macrophytes and macroinvertebrates, geomorphic river type appeared to exert a direct influence, probably via variation in physical habitat characteristics.
• 4. Geomorphic condition, judged as good, moderate or poor by reference to the inferred natural condition of each River Style, was also significantly associated with differences in biological assemblages other than fish. Twice as many taxa appeared to favour sites in good geomorphic condition as favoured sites in poor condition. Many of the taxa associated with sites in poor condition are alien taxa introduced to Australia since European settlement.
• 5. These findings imply that protection of reaches that are in good geomorphic condition is likely to be critical for the maintenance of indigenous biodiversity, and that rehabilitation of geomorphic condition can assist in the rehabilitation of native riverine biota.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of image and rapid field assessments of riparian zone condition in Australian tropical savannas

Suitable methods for measuring and monitoring the condition of riparian environments are being investigated by government agencies responsible for maintaining these environments in Australia. The objective of this work was to compare two riparian condition assessment approaches, the Tropical Rapid Appraisal of Riparian Condition (TRARC) method developed for rapid on-ground assessment of the environmental condition of savanna riparian zones and an image based riparian condition monitoring scheme. Measurements derived from these two approaches were compared and correlated. The sample representativeness of the TRARC method was evaluated and the cost-effectiveness and suitability for multi-temporal analysis of the two approaches were assessed. Two high spatial resolution multi-spectral QuickBird satellite images captured in 2004 and 2005 and coincident field data covering sections of the Daly River in the Northern Territory, Australia were used in this work. Both field and image data were processed to map indicators of riparian zone condition including percentage canopy cover, organic litter on the ground, canopy continuity, tree clearing, bank stability, and flood damage. Spectral vegetation indices, image segmentation, and supervised classification were used to produce riparian health indicator maps. QuickBird image data were used to examine if the spatial distribution of TRARC transects provided a representative sample of ground based estimates of riparian health indicators. Covering approximately 3% of the study area, the sample mean of the TRARC estimates of individual indicators of riparian zone condition were in most cases within 20% of the global mean derived from the whole imaged riparian area. The cost-effectiveness of the image based approach was compared to that of the ground based TRARC method. Results showed that the TRARC method was more cost-effective at spatial scales from 1 km to 200 km of river in relatively homogeneous riparian zones along rivers with only one channel, while image based assessment becomes more feasible at regional scales (200–2000 km of river). A change detection analysis demonstrated that image data can provide detailed information on gradual change, while the TRARC method is less suited for multi-temporal analysis due to the ranked data format, which inhibits precise detection of change. However, results from both methods were considered to complement each other for single date assessment of riparian zones if used at appropriate spatial scales.     

三明格氏栲自然保护区土壤条件和肥力状况的研究

研究表明 ,天然格氏栲林下土壤的质地大都为重壤土至轻粘土 ,其土壤的全氮、有机质及速效养分含量都明显高于其他林分的土壤。天然格氏栲林下土壤进入红壤土壤成土过程的最高阶段 ,形成具有较高肥力的土壤     

水曲柳幼林适生立地条件研究

在帽儿山地区对不同立地条件下水曲柳人工幼林生长指标进行标准地调查,并运用数量化方法研究了影响水曲柳人工林生长的立地因子。结果表明：影响水曲柳人工林生长的主要立地因子依次为坡位,土壤A层厚,坡向和坡度,其中坡位为主导因子。水曲柳人工林在中上坡位生长最好,在下坡位生长差。根据立地因子划分了34个立地类型。此外对不同立地类型的养分状况进行了分析,发现养分并不是限制水曲柳生长的主要因子。     

立地条件与柳杉生长量关系研究初报

对９年生柳杉人工林的２６个样地调查其立地条件与生长量之间的关系，初步研究表明：当土壤疏松层厚于３０ｃｍ时，柳杉生长良好，浅于２０ｃｍ时，柳杉生长不良；柳杉生长受地形影响，在山洼、山谷处生长最好，山坡、山顶、山脊则较差。     

高分辨率DEM在森林生产力估算中的应用

在广西宁明县以马尾松和桉树为例,对比分析野外实测与利用1∶10 000比例尺DEM推算的地形因子所建不同树种生产力模型的精度,探讨了高分辨率DEM在森林生产力估算中的作用.结果认为:①基于1∶10 000比例尺DEM推算的地形因子可代替实测数据进行森林生产力建模,其精度满足估算要求;②仅利用立地条件不能进行马尾松生产力建模,但却能建立桉树模型.对两树种而言,均是用树龄与立地条件共同建立的模型更优.     

南昌市园林藤本植物的应用现状

通过对南昌市6个片区90个样点中的园林藤本植物的应用状况进行详细调查和归类分析,结果表明南昌市园林藤本植物的应用状况具有以下几个特点:①种类偏少,仅12种;②分布不均匀,不同片区之间和功能区之间的应用状况相差悬殊;③应用形式较单调;④绿化面积小;⑤配植方式简单;⑥缺乏管护。因此,从总体上来说,南昌市园林藤本植物的应用水平不高。