Homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA with enhanced resistance to the rice sap-sucking pest Laodelphax striatellus

Homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing snowdrop lectin, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), were investigated for resistance to the rice small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, an important rice sap‐sucking pest causing yield losses and serving as vector for some important rice viruses. Insect bioassay results revealed that both the GNA‐expressing homozygous lines tested significantly inhibited SBPH by decreasing its survival, its overall fecundity and retarding development. This is the first report on homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA conferring enhanced resistance to SBPH. This result suggests that transgenic rice expressing GNA will be useful in rice pest resistance breeding, as an alternative to conventional breeding for the control of SBPH, and potentially alleviating damage caused by the viruses it transmits.     

Stable resistance against the leaf miner <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucoptera coffeella</Emphasis> expressed by genetically transformed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea canephora</Emphasis> in a pluriannual field experiment in French Guiana

Summary A pluriannual field trial of transgenic clones of Coffea canephora (the Robusta coffee tree) transformed for resistance to the lepidopteran coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella was installed in French Guiana. Fifty-eight transformed clones produced by transformation of the C. canephora clone 126 were planted. They were harbouring the pEF1α constitutive promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana controlling either the Bacillus thuringiensis native gene for the cry1Ac insecticidal protein (eight clones) or a synthetic cry1Ac gene (53 clones). The vectors for the transformation were a strain of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens and one of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The transformed clones were generally independent, presenting different integration patterns of the genetic construct. Four randomly distributed groups of five plants per transformed clone were planted along with 60 untransformed control trees. Over a 4-year period after plantation six releases of L. coffeella were performed. Mines on the leaves are the marks of larvae development and were counted on plants. A majority of the independent transformed clones harbouring the synthetic gene and transformed by the strain of A. tumefaciens displayed constantly much less mines than the control, therefore expressing a stable resistance. The need for complementary research is presented.     

Prevention and Controlling Effect of Intercropping on Pests and Diseases and Its Risk Control in Cotton Fields

Cotton is one of the major field crops which are seriously threatened by pests and diseases. In recent years, the ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping has become to be an interesting approach. Intercropping possibly increases the population of natural enemies and finally reduces the population density of pests as a result of changes in ecological structure and environmental conditions of farmland. Intercropping thus has been considered an important alternative in controlling pests and diseases. However, cotton field intercropping also has some limitations in controlling pests and diseases. Unreasonable intercropping system has many risks such as increasing labor input, increasing the difficulty of pests’ control, and aggravating pests and diseases. In this paper, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cotton intercropping on cotton pests and diseases were reviewed. The possible risks and countermeasures used for ecological control of intercropping were also put forward, and the future and application of ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping were prospected.     

频振式杀虫灯在水稻害虫防治中的应用与研究

为了提高西双版纳稻米品质,减少农药残留,科学合理的虫害防治方法是重要的解决手段之一。频振式杀虫灯是当前运用非常广泛的一种物理诱杀害虫的工具,具有广谱、高效、无污染的特点。试验设立灯控不施药区、灯控施药区、非灯控施药区和非灯控不施药区,安排随机区组试验,调查虫害发生动态,适时开展化学农药防治和跟踪测产。试验结果表明：频振式杀虫灯单灯每晚诱虫量在6.7~224 g之间,灯控不施药区、灯控施药区和非灯控施药区与非灯控不施药区相比,对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱和螟虫的防效均达到极显著水平。同时,初步掌握了频振式杀虫灯对水稻害虫的控害效果,表现在水稻虫害发生量减少、防治成本降低、水稻增产增收等方面的效益较为显著。     

间(套)作对棉田病虫害的防控效应及其风险控制

棉花是病虫害发生最为严重的大田作物之一,近年来基于棉田间作套种的棉花病虫害生态治理成为研究的热点。合理的间作套种可以通过改变农田的生态结构和环境条件,提高天敌的种群数量,降低或抑制害虫的种群密度,进而起到有效控制病虫害的作用,是棉花病虫害防控的一条重要途径。同时,棉田间作套种控制病虫害也存在一定的局限性,不合理的间作套种更是存在提高用工投入、增加病虫防治难度、加重病虫为害等多种风险。评述了棉田间作套种对防控棉花病虫害的效应及其机制,总结提出了棉田间作套种存在的风险和防控途径,对今后应用间作套种生态治理棉花病虫害的前景和研究方向作了展望。     

洛川苹果虫害的动态监测

为了研究洛川苹果虫害的发生规律及其动态监测,以对渭北黄土高原果园有害生物生态调控具有实践指导意义。2001-2010年在洛川苹果园,通过田间试验与室内实验相结合的方法,对苹果虫害进行了动态监测。结果表明：该地区果园虫害不同年度的发生规律和危害评价有不同程度的差异。因此,每年和常年动态监测可为苹果虫害的生态调控提供更准确的信息。     

华南地区主要害虫防治新技术应用研究

通过不同食物引诱剂与害虫诱捕器结合对不同虫种储粮害虫进行诱捕,试验表明水平距离5m、粮食深度2m左右诱捕检测害虫效果明显,对主要储粮害虫有良好的诱捕效果;摆放位置对于诱捕器的诱捕效果影响大;采用控氧储存技术进行生态储粮,经分析,米象、米象抗性品系、谷蠹、谷蠹抗性品系及赤拟谷盗对除氧剂毒力LD99.9分别为8.60g/kg、11.01g/kg、9.14g/kg、8.16g/kg、4.18g/kg,其中赤拟谷盗最敏感,米象抗性品系需要脱氧剂最多;试验粮堆投放除氧剂量为0.50g/kg、1.0g/kg、1.5g/kg、2.0g/kg、2.5g/kg、3.0g/kg,脱氧剂在用量为2.5g/kg、3.0g/kg对谷蠹、谷蠹抗性品系、米象、米象抗性品系、赤拟谷盗及用量1.5g/kg、2.0g/kg对赤拟谷盗杀灭效果在90%以上;脱氧剂在用量为2.0g/kg时对谷蠹抗性品系、米象、米象抗性品系杀灭效果在85%以上;经实仓应用除氧剂用量为2.5g/kg、3.3g/kg、2.5g/kg并抽真空、3.3g/kg并抽真空能保证稻谷储存1年基本无活虫,可保证稻谷储存安全;经应用除氧宝0.5g/kg、1.0g/kg、1.5g/kg、2.0g/kg、2.5g/kg、3.0g/kg、3.3g/kg对稻谷发芽无显著影响。     

水稻对田间多种病虫害综合抗性的评价初探

通过对柳江县近年引进、推广的中优663等13个主要水稻品种（组合）进行田间小区试验,采用[0,1]多目标决策法进行综合评价,按对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、三化螟及稻纹枯病等多种病虫害的综合抗性的强弱排序为：优Ⅰ602＞金优602＞灵优6602＞丰两优1号＞金两优2号＞优Ⅰ402＞T优259＞金优463＞中优71＞中优663＞中优207＞金优207＞金优616。前五个品种（组合）均为中抗,其余品种（组合）均为中感。无高抗品种（组合）,说明水稻对多种病虫害的综合抗性的选育工作任重而道远。通过亲缘关系分析发现,亲缘关系相近的水稻品种（组合）具有相近的综合抗性;分析五个中抗品种（组合）的抗性构成,为不同生态环境的品种布局提供依据。     

Bt抗虫棉新品系毒蛋白表达差异分析

【目的】本研究旨在探讨部分抗虫棉不抗虫的原因。【方法】通过室内生物测定、卡那霉素、Bt-Cry1Ab/Ac试纸条、PCR分析、Southern blot检测和Bt蛋白含量检测等方法分析了23个抗虫棉新品系的抗虫性。【结果】生测结果表明供试品系间幼虫死亡率差异显著。卡那霉素、Bt-Cry1Ab/Ac试纸条、PCR分析和Southern blot检测结果表明,Bt基因在供试材料中整合并稳定遗传且为单拷贝。RT-PCR结果表明,各试验品系Bt基因相对表达量差异较大,花期叶片Bt基因的相对表达量最高;Bt蛋白检测结果发现抗虫棉Bt蛋白表达量在生育前期大于后期,营养器官中的大于生殖器官,不同年份Bt蛋白含量差异显著。幼虫死亡率与Bt基因相对表达量的相关系数仅为0.1745,与Bt蛋白的相关系数为0.7130,表明Bt蛋白含量越高,抗虫性越好;各组织器官的Bt蛋白与Bt基因的相对表达量相关系数为-0.3659~0.2542,二者表达趋势不一致,表明遗传背景对抗虫棉Bt蛋白的表达具有一定影响。且Bt基因可能在转录后受到调控导致Bt蛋白含量发生变化,从而影响了抗虫棉的抗虫性。【结论】这些结果有望为抗虫棉育种提供参考。     

砖筒仓充二氧化碳安全储麦技术研究

二氧化碳被导入一管道系统并使其在砖筒仓的粮堆内逐渐均匀分布，直到其在粮堆中的浓度达70％以上，试验其间通过该管道系统进行二氧化碳环流，经过14天停止操作，仓内粮堆中二氧化碳气体浓度保持35％以上，该气控方法储存小麦可达保鲜、无虫霉损害，安全储粮目的。