大豆胞囊线虫病的生防因子研究进展

综述了大豆胞囊线虫的各类生防因子,如食线虫真菌、食线虫细菌、杀线虫植物、捕食性线虫和捕食性土壤动物等,其中研究较深入的是食线虫真菌和细菌,食线虫真菌可归纳为5种类型,即捕食性真菌、专性内寄生菌物、机会真菌、产毒真菌和菌根菌;另外,还对其他生防因子的最新研究结果进行了归类综述,并对大豆胞囊线虫的生物防治进行了展望。     

生防菌剂灭线灵防治烟草根结线虫研究

根结线虫病是西南地区烟草重要病害之一,发生危害与植烟土壤中线虫含量,土壤湿度密切相关,利用生防菌剂灭线灵防治烟草根结线虫病,重病区每株施用量2.5 g,轻病区1.5～2 g,施用方法以移栽前拌营养土塘施为优,防效在61 %左右.     

木醋液的杀线活性及对根结线虫病的防治效果研究

 【目的】初步探究木醋液对根结线虫2龄幼虫的抑制作用,以及木醋液及其配剂对根结线虫病的田间防治效果。【方法】采用浸渍法测定不同稀释浓度的木醋液对根结线虫2龄幼虫抑制作用,根据实验室测定结果设计小区试验,进行木醋液及其配剂对石榴根结线虫病、番茄根结线虫病的大田防治。【结果】不同稀释浓度的木醋液对4种常见根结线虫的2龄幼虫均有抑制作用,随着稀释倍数的增加,抑制作用减小。木醋液稀释浓度为150倍处理72 h时,北方根结线虫、花生根结线虫、南方根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫的校正死亡率分别达到了76.3%、78.４%、77.9%和72.2%。木醋液和木醋液配剂对石榴根结线虫病有较好的防治效果,防治效果分别达到了63.9%和50.5%。木醋液和木醋液配剂对番茄根结线虫病的防治效果,寻甸分别为54.1%和28.6%,个旧的为27.8%和19.6%。【结论】初步证明木醋液对根结线虫2龄幼虫有抑制作用,对石榴根结线虫病和番茄根结线虫病有防治效果,对防治根结线虫病有研究价值、应用价值和开发前景。     

不同药剂处理对猕猴桃根结线虫的防治效果

为了筛选出能够有效防治猕猴桃根结线虫的药剂。采用田间药剂施用筛选的方法,研究了12.5%阿维·噻唑膦EC等7种药剂对猕猴桃根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明供试的不同药剂对猕猴桃根结线虫均有一定的防效,能控制土壤中2龄幼虫的数量和抑制根结的形成,其中12.5%阿维·噻唑膦EC防治效果最好,药后45 d、180 d对根结线虫和二龄若虫的防治效果分别为78.40%、69.90%和83.83%、80.26%;10%噻唑膦GR与5%阿维菌素GR防效较好;2亿/毫升淡紫拟青霉+生物菌培养基B++(微生物肥)防效较差。12.5%阿维·噻唑膦EC、10%噻唑膦GR和5%阿维菌素GR可作为猕猴桃根结线虫防治的首选药剂。     

孔雀草与淡紫拟青霉协同作用防治烟草根结线虫效果

[目的]明确孔雀草与淡紫拟青霉2种生防因子协同作用防治烟草根结线虫的效果,为烟草根结线虫病的生物防治提供参考。[方法]通过田间试验研究烤烟间作孔雀草同时联合使用淡紫拟青霉对烤烟生长特性以及对根结线虫病发病情况的影响。[结果]孔雀草与淡紫拟青霉联合使用不仅能显著提高淡紫拟青霉对烟草根结线虫防治效果的稳定性,还能明显提高烤烟的农艺性状。烤烟间作孔雀草能显著增加烟株的叶片宽度,施用淡紫拟青霉能显著增加烤烟的叶片长度;在株高、茎围、最大叶长和最大叶宽上,孔雀草与淡紫拟青霉联合使用时均明显优于单一处理。单一施用淡紫拟青霉对根结线虫的平均防效为67.2%,施用淡紫拟青霉的同时间作孔雀草,平均防效在73%以上。[结论]孔雀草与淡紫拟青霉协同作用防治根结线虫有显著的增效作用。     

茉莉酸介导的番茄韧皮部表达谱对根结线虫侵染的响应

为了研究茉莉酸介导的基因对根结线虫侵染的响应,以番茄野生型和茉莉酸缺失突变体为试材,采用数字表达谱技术检测分析根结线虫侵染后主茎韧皮部中的差异表达基因。结果表明,茉莉酸缺失突变体中有2 427个基因差异表达,其中1 390个差异基因可富集到112个KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)通路。18个差异基因涉及茉莉酸合成前体α-亚麻酸代谢,100个差异基因参与植物和病原体的相互作用。     

Identification and resistant characterization of legume sources against Meloidogyne incognita

Root-knot nematodes(RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are becoming a serious problem in legume production. This study identified Vigna genotypes exhibiting resistance to M. incognita(RKN) and characterized the modes of the resistance to M. incognita. In total, 279 accessions from 21 Vigna species were screened for resistance based on a galling index(GI) and an egg mass index(EI). Seven accessions were highly resistant to RKN with GI≤25, namely JP74716(V. mungo var. mungo; cultivated black gram), JP107881(V. nepalensis), JP229392(V. radiata var. sublobata; wild mungbean), Aus TRCF118141(V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata; cultivated cowpea), Aus TRCF306385(V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), Aus TRCF322090(V. vexillata var. vexillata; wild zombi pea) and JP235929(V. vexillata var. vexillata). JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 were the most resistant accessions having EI values of 18.74 and 1.88, respectively. Continuous culture of M. incognita on both JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 resulted in a weakness in pathogenic ability for this RKN. The resistance in JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 to RKN appeared to be antibiosis that was associated with reduced nematode penetration, retardation of nematode development and impeding giant cell formation. The Vigna germplasm resistance to RKN identified in this study could be utilized as gene sources for the development of RKN-resistant Vigna cultivars.     

Improving survival of inter-generic grafts of nematode-susceptible watermelon cultivars and nematode-resistant Cucumis species

Abstract

Inter-generic grafting of highly nematode susceptible watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars onto nematode-resistant wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) and wild cucumber (Cucumis myricoarpus) had on average 36% graft survival ratios, which was attributed to unequal stem diameters at the graft union. Cucumis species had smaller stem diameters at the graft union, whereas Citrullus had bigger ones. The objective of the study was to improve inter-generic graft compatibility of Citrullus and Cucumis through optimizing the sizes of stem diameters during grafting. Cucumis species were raised in a 160-hole seedling tray and primed seeds of Citrullus were raised in a 200-hole seedling tray seven days after emergence of Cucumis in order to reduce the stem diameters. At grafting, stem diameter ratios in various treatments were equal to one, whereas at 66 days after grafting the ratios were grater than one, with the exception of those of intact plants. Survival of grafts from grafting to 66 days after grafting was 100%, translating into relative improvement of 186%. Improved survival of grafts would invariably promote the potential uses of inter-generic grafting among wild and cultivated watermelon in management of soil-borne pathogens.     

一种对桃小食心虫高毒力的斯氏线虫Steinernema sp.(CB-2Y)

本研究在室内用“沙埋法”比较了两种斯氏属昆虫病原线虫Steinernema sp.(CB-2Y)和S.feltiae Agriotos对桃小食心虫的侵染力,结果表明CB-2Y线虫对桃小食心虫幼虫和冬茧的侵染力都高于Agriotos线虫。接线虫笫7天桃小食心虫LD50,CB-2Y组为49条线虫,而Agriotos组为158条;冬茧的LD50分别为1330条和24046条。在桃小冬茧开始活动期(6月15日)分别施用两种线虫,一个月后检查桃小食心虫成虫羽化率,CB-2Y线虫的控制效果明显优于Agriotos,在1024条线虫/桃小食心虫冬茧时(75条/cm~2),越冬代桃小食心虫的羽化率分别为8.2％和29.2％。     

一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

从广东省阳江县的土壤中,分离到一种病原斯氏线虫(Steinernema sp.8503),从线虫3龄幼虫体,又分离出8503菌株。此菌为共生菌,革兰氏阴性、非孢子型杆菌,2.0～12.0×0.6～1.3微米,鞭毛为周毛,硝酸盐不产生亚硝酸盐,过氧化氢酶阴性,脲素酶阴性,磷酸脂酶阴性,卵磷酯酶阳性,七叶苷水解阳性,不具荧光,对昆虫有致病性,从一系列的生化特性和线虫的带菌率、细菌囊和细菌的形状、分布等检查,此菌为大肠杆菌科的Xenorhabdus nemalophilus。对促进线虫在人工培养基的繁殖,提高线虫的产量和毒力均有一定的价值。