海洋放线菌M1D14代谢产物对几种重要植物寄生线虫的抑制作用

采用梯度稀释法室内测定了海洋放线菌M1D14发酵液代谢产物对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)2龄幼虫及其卵、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)、大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)2龄幼虫的毒力,同时还测定了经过高温高压灭菌和0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤的M1D14发酵液对南方根结线虫的毒力。结果表明,海洋放线菌M1D14发酵液代谢产物对南方根结线虫卵的孵化无明显的抑制作用,对南方根结线虫幼虫毒力最强,对松材线虫幼虫毒力次之,对大豆孢囊线虫幼虫的毒力最弱。经过高温高压灭菌和微孔滤膜过滤的M1D14发酵液对南方根结线虫仍有毒力。M1D14杀线虫谱广、效果好、使用成本低,在生产上具有很好的应用前景。     

Evaluation of the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet as an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production in China

BACKGROUND: The combination of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) and dazomet (DZ) offers a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for soil disinfection. MB is scheduled to be withdrawn from routine use by 2015 in developing countries. Combination treatments of 1,3‐D + DZ were evaluated in a laboratory study and in two commercial cucumber fields. RESULTS: Laboratory studies found that nearly all of the tested combinations of 1,3‐D and DZ displayed positive synergistic activity on root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), two major soilborne fungi (Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp.) and the seeds of two major weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis and Abutilon theophrasti). Field trials revealed that the combination of 1,3‐D and DZ (at 10 + 25 g m^?2) successfully suppressed Meloidogyne spp. root galling, sharply reduced Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. and maintained high cucumber yields. The combination treatment of 1,3‐D + DZ was more effective than 1,3‐D or DZ alone and provided results similar to methyl bromide with respect to pest control, plant mortality, plant height, yield and income. All of the treatments were significantly better than the non‐treated control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the tested combination of 1,3‐D and DZ offers an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

国内外粮食市场互动关系的实证研究

粮食净进口是连接国内外粮食市场的纽带,基于滞后变量模型,通过研究净进口与国内外粮食市场最灵敏的变量———价格之间的关系,揭示国内外粮食市场的动态均衡关系,为国家制定国内粮食市场宏观调控政策提供理论支持。     

Designing the ideal habitat for entomopathogen use in nursery production

BACKGROUND: Greenhouse and nursery producers use entomopathogens (nematodes and fungi) to control soil pests. Although it is known that the physical and chemical properties of mineral soil significantly impact upon soil pathogens, the influence of soilless media used for plant production on entomopathogen performance is poorly understood. RESULTS: Survival and foraging distance were differently affected by sand:peat, bark and sawdust media for entomopathogenic nematodes, but not for the immobile fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Redwood sawdust medium consistently had a negative impact upon entomopathogenic nematodes. Dividing media into individual components supported the hypothesis that redwood sawdust reduced foraging and infection abilities of S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora. Physically altering the components by adding sand significantly improved foraging and infection success for S. riobrave in media not optimum for foraging. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate soilless media and pathogen species combinations to increase efficacy of biological control. H. bacteriophora was able to find hosts in a wider diversity of medium components than S. riobrave, although both nematode species performed well in peat moss and recycled plant material. These results suggest that peat moss, recycled plant material and hardwood bark are components amenable to EPN biological control programs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

康绿功臣可湿性粉剂防治番茄根结线虫的效果

用康绿功臣可湿性粉剂(有效成分:1.1%苦参碱)处理温室土壤以防治番茄根结线虫,试验表明,康绿功臣可湿性粉剂可较好地控制番茄根结线虫的为害。康绿功臣可湿性粉剂45.0、52.5、60.0 kg/hm23个处理,药后90 d土壤中2龄幼虫数量减退率分别为66.12%、71.12%和73.51%,而对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素15.0 L/hm2处理的线虫减退率为75.68%。药后90 d康绿功臣可湿性粉剂各处理防治效果分别为50.96%、57.51%和61.04%,而对照药剂为62.87%。     

蕉园土壤植物病原线虫的种类及防治技术

植物病原线虫病是我国香蕉产区的重要病害之一。近年来,随着香蕉组培苗、吸芽等繁殖材料的调运,各省香蕉种植区均有该病害发生。对我国香蕉产区植物病原线虫的种类、种群分布特点、发病规律及病害防治技术研究进展进行综述,旨在为蕉园土壤中植物病原线虫的综合防治提供理论依据和实践指导。     

多拉菌素等三种药物驱除绵羊胃肠道线虫效果观察

通过选取多拉菌素等三种驱虫药物对绵羊胃肠道线虫进行驱除。结果表明,三种药物对绵羊胃肠道线虫均有明显效果,平均驱虫率依次为多拉菌素组（98.7%）〉伊维菌素组（94.3%）〉丙硫苯咪唑组（82%）。比较后确定适合我市推广的新型驱虫药物为多拉菌素注射液。     

油茶5个物种苗期根结线虫病发生情况调查

对广西林科院油茶苗圃中普通油茶Camellia Oleifera、陆川油茶C.vietnamensis、南荣油茶C.nanyongensis、博白大果油茶C.gigantocarapa.和宛田红花油茶C.polyodonta共5个油茶物种的根结线虫病的发生情况进行调查,结果表明：普通油茶发病最为严重,病株率为100%,根结指数为53.8,通过鉴定,该线虫为南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita;南荣油茶和陆川油茶的发病情况较轻,病株率分别为23%和18%,根结指数分别为7.4和5.0;宛田红花油茶和博白大果油茶的病株率分别为4%和2%,根结指数分别为0.8和0.4,发病最轻。     

谷物赖氨酸测定方法的评价

谷物蛋白质中的赖氨酸含量是判断谷物产品质量的重要指标之一。笔者评价了谷物赖氨酸测定的主要方法, 分析了不同测定方法的技术特点和适用性。