混料设计及响应面法优化大黄药渣固态发酵生产漆酶的工艺

通过优化大黄药渣固体培养基的组成及发酵条件,以期最大程度提高发酵生产漆酶的活力。采用D-最优混料设计对固体培养基碳源组成进行优化,优化后得到的固体培养基组成为:小麦麸皮47.2%,大黄药渣47.2%,葡萄糖1.6%,蛋白胨2.5%,氯化钙0.48%,磷酸二氢钾0.5%,硫酸铜0.02%,硫酸镁0.5%。通过中心组合设计响应面试验建立二次回归模型对固态发酵条件进行优化,确定最优发酵条件为发酵初始pH 4.3,发酵温度32.5℃,固液质量体积比1.47∶1,发酵时间7.5 d。在此条件下,发酵生产的漆酶酶活为7 602.1 IU/mL,与模型预测值相对误差在0.6%。     

Feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the transition region of the central North Pacific

ABSTRACT:   The feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga (fork length: 48.9–76.2 cm, n  = 132) were examined from late spring to early autumn in relation to its northward migration in the transition region between the subtropical and subarctic fronts in the central North Pacific. Samples were collected at night using surface gill nets or during daytime pole-and-line surveys in 2001 and 2002. During May and June, albacore fed mainly on Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus , which accounted for 27.2%, 67.0%, and 45.5% of the total stomach contents by number ( Cn ), wet weight ( WW ), and frequency of occurrence ( F ), respectively, and secondarily on the subarctic gonatid squid Gonatopsis borealis ( Cn , 15.8%; WW , 10.8%; F , 28.8%). From July to September, albacore continued to depend on Japanese anchovy ( Cn , 48.2–52.8%; WW , 79.9–95.2%; F , 27.8–85.4%). These results corresponded well with the remarkable rebound of the Japanese anchovy stock since the 1990s. Gonatopsis borealis , the main squid prey from May to June, almost disappeared from the stomachs of albacore from July to September, probably due to the northward migration of this squid to subarctic waters in summer. The feeding impact of albacore on the Japanese anchovy stock in the transition region was conservatively estimated to be from 1400 to 2100 tons per day from late spring to early autumn.     

国家中心城市基础设施承载力评价及障碍因素诊断

[目的]定量分析国家中心城市2006—2017年基础设施承载力的具体情况,为促进国家中心城市建设良性健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]选取2006—2017年国家中心城市基础设施承载力面板数据,从压力和状态两个层面构建城市基础设施承载力评价指标体系。运用熵权TOPSIS方法和障碍度模型对2006—2017年国家中心城市基础设施承载力和障碍因素进行评价和诊断,并基于基础设施承载力评价结果,定量测度基础设施承载力状况并诊断其障碍因子。[结果] 2006—2010年国家中心城市的基础设施承载力水平总体上大幅度提升,2011—2017年基础设施承载力的增长速度有所减缓,北京、上海、成都、郑州、西安的基础设施承载力大幅度提高,广州市的基础设施承载力改善幅度最小;随着国家中心城市的人口持续增加,基础设施的承载压力也持续增加,通过障碍度模型分析发现制约国家中心城市基础设施承载力的主要因素为人均绿地面积、人均家庭年生活用水量和城市移动电话普及率。[结论]随着中国经济的发展,中心城市对人口的虹吸作用越加强烈,人均绿地面积、城市移动电话普及率以及人均家庭年生活用水量可能与城市的经济与人口规模产生脱钩现象,无法满足人们日常的基础设施需求。     

苏中地区稻茬小麦生产措施采用特征与效益调研分析

为进一步明确江苏苏中地区小麦生产情况,通过发放问卷调查表的形式,获取了代表苏中的兴化和高邮两市2016—2020年度小麦生产调研数据,明确了该区域从事小麦生产的农户以51～60岁中老年劳动者为主,农户受教育程度以初中为主,迫切需要农业新技术,但接受能力偏低。不同农户田间小麦播期、播种量和肥料施用量均有明显差异。在10月26日—11月5日播种,采用211～240 kg/hm²的播种量易获得高产。两地农户平均施氮水平分别为308 kg/hm²和281 kg/hm²,部分农户施氮量高于350 kg/hm²时,产量不增反减。在播期、播量和施氮量作用下,兴化和高邮市小麦平均产量分别为6129.64 kg/hm²和6788.25 kg/hm²,农户间高产水平与低产水平间的产量差值分别为2270.36 kg/hm²、1611.75 kg/hm²。不同种麦规模获得的经济效益不同,种植面积为6.67～20 hm²     

印度洋中南部大眼金枪鱼生物学特性研究

根据2008年9月~2009年4月在印度洋中南部金枪鱼延绳钓渔场调查期间收集的大眼金枪鱼生物学数据,对其基本的生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)叉长范围为57~184 cm,优势叉长组为101~110cm和121~130 cm,约占总数的41.7%,平均叉长为119.5 cm;(2)不分性别大眼金枪鱼叉长(FL)与加工后重(DW)的关系可表达为:DW=2.407 6×10-5FL2.931 6,雌雄个体差异不显著(F=0.207,P0.05);(3)调查期间,大眼金枪鱼雄性比例为56.55%,当叉长大于140 cm时,雄性占优势;调查期间,该海域大眼金枪鱼的繁殖期为10月~翌年4月,繁殖峰期为10月~翌年1月;(4)摄食种类中柔鱼、帆蜥鱼和虾类所占比重较高,分别占36.0%、20.1%和18.0%;各月份摄食等级1~4级分布呈显著性差异(χ2=191.20,P0.01),各叉长组大眼金枪鱼摄食等级变化无显著性差异(χ2=41.08,P0.05)。     

叶酸对铅中毒幼年大鼠中枢神经系统的保护作用

通过研究铅对大鼠中枢神经元的损伤以及应用叶酸后的影响，探讨了叶酸对铅中毒条件下中枢神经元的保护作用。将健康清洁级初断乳3周龄SD大鼠随机分为铅染毒组，叶酸给药组及生理盐水组。各组于处理后第2、3、4周取材。铅染毒组、叶酸给药组每组各30只，生理盐水组12只，共72只。测量血铅，分别进行海马和小脑组织的H—E染色及凋亡抑制基因Bcl—2、凋亡基因Bax的蛋白免疫电泳，并作光密度分析。结果，通过对各个时间段各组血铅测定，可得叶酸给药组血铅含量低于铅染毒组。铅染毒组Bcl-2蛋白表达量少于给药组，而Bax多于给药组，H—E染色结果铅染毒组神经细胞数量明显少于叶酸给药组。结果表明，叶酸可降低铅中毒大鼠的血铅浓度，并具有一定抗细胞损伤作用，对铅中毒大鼠的中枢神经元具有一定的保护作用。     

集中供热工程投资估算中的Excel应用

应用Excel计算集中供热工程的投资估算。首先创建估算的模板,再应用模板来计算具体建设规模的投资估算,其应用过程简便、快捷、准确、科学。     

林区公路中线测量计算的微机程序

本文介绍编制的BASIC程序,能承担线路中线测量各种曲线的计算工作,能进行多次快速拟定曲线半径,从而可以选择最合理的半径,能显示线路中线测量各曲线计算需要的数据和曲线里程桩号,并且可以重复显示有关数据,避免了重新输入变量的麻烦。使用该软件进行林区公路中线测量计算,其操作简便,运算速度快,计算精确,工效高。     

Possible Anxiolytic Effects of Ivermectin in Rats

Ivermectin, a mixture of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1a (80%) and B_1b (20%), is produced by Streptomyces avermectilis, an actinomycete. It is a macrocyclic lactone disaccharide, a member of the avermectin family, and is used as an antiparasitic drug. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed that doramectin, another avermectin drug, interferes with GABAergic-related behaviours, leading to anxiety and seizures. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of ivermectin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) on the central nervous system of rats, using behavioural models related to GABAergic neurotransmission. A known anxiolytic drug, diazepam, was used as a positive control. Open field and elevated plus-maze behaviours, as well as conflict behaviour to a conditioned response, were assessed. The effects of ivermectin and diazepam in reversing the anxiety induced by picrotoxin was studied. The protective effects of ivermectin on pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-induced seizures were also investigated. In the open field, 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin decreased locomotion frequency at 15 and 60 min of observation, rearing behaviour showed a biphasic effect at 15 and 30 min and duration of immobility was increased in all sessions after 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin. These data suggest anxiolytic or sedative effects. Ivermectin and diazepam both had a tendency to cause an increase both in the number of entries into the open arms and on the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. Picrotoxin on its own reduced the number of entries as well as the time spent in the open arms. Both diazepam and ivermectin reversed these effects of picrotoxin. In conflict behaviour analysis, ivermectin and diazepam gave the classic effect of an anxiolytic drug, reversing the conditioned response to shock. Ivermectin protected rats from the convulsant effects of pentylenetetrazole but not from those of picrotoxin. Thus, ivermectin had the pharmacological profile of an anxiolytic drug with GABAergic properties. The lack of effect on seizures induced by picrotoxin suggests that the action of ivermectin is different from that of the benzodiazepine drugs.     

密植桃园的主干形修剪栽培试验

连续五年密植桃园的主干形修剪试验表明：主干形修剪技术用于密植栽培桃树早结果早丰产效果显著。‘春花’成苗定植后第二年产量达1300kg·666．7m-2,第三年为1500kg·666．7m-2,第四年为2250kg·666,7m-2,第五年为1750kg·666．7m-2;‘湖景蜜露’定植后第二年和第三年产量为1021kg·666．7m-2和1019kg·666．7m-2;‘锦绣’定植后第二年产量为120km·666．7m-2,第三年为1204km·666．7m-2,第四年为1876km·666．7m-2;‘沪463’定植后第三年产量为47．5kg·666．7m-2,第四年为2125kg·666．7m-2。主干形修剪夏季摘心可促进早期副梢的萌发,利用副梢坐果,均衡树势。主干形修剪对桃果实的品质有一定的影响,使果实相对变小,单果重减轻,要注意疏花疏果,加强肥水管理。