抗原表位研究方法进展

抗原表位是抗原分子中的主要功能单位,能有效刺激机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫。随着免疫学和生物信息学技术的不断发展,用于研究T细胞表位和B细胞表位的方法得到了很大的提高。论文中概述了近几年用于研究T细胞表位的预测方法和鉴定方法,以及在B细胞表位研究中所用的表位肽扫描技术、蛋白质切割法、噬菌体展示技术、X-衍射与核磁共振、表位预测方法等技术,并对每种研究方法进行了比较,为从事抗原表位研究的人员提供参考,从而更有利于表位肽疫苗的研制和诊断方法的建立。     

Fibroblast growth factor-10 maintains the survival and promotes the growth of cultured goat preantral follicles

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) on the survival, activation (transition from primordial to primary follicles), and growth of goat preantral follicles cultured in vitro. Pieces of ovarian cortex were cultured for 1 and 7 d in the absence or presence of FGF-10 (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL). Noncultured and cultured tissues were processed and analyzed by histology, transmission electron microscopy, and viability testing. Results showed that after 7 d, a greater percentage (79.9%) of morphologically normal follicles (containing an oocyte with regular shape and uniform cytoplasm, and organized layers of granulosa cells without a pyknotic nucleus) was observed when cultured with 50 ng/mL of FGF-10 when compared with other concentrations of FGF-10 (0 ng/mL, 67.3%; 1 ng/mL, 68.2%; 10 ng/mL, 63.3%; 100 ng/mL, 64.4%; 200 ng/mL, 52.7%). Ultrastructural analyses and viability testing using fluorescent markers confirmed the follicular integrity of FGF-10 (50 ng/mL)-treated fragments after 7 d of culture. After 7 d, all FGF-10 concentrations reduced the percentage of primordial follicles and increased the percentage of developing follicles. In the presence of 50 ng/mL of FGF-10, follicles increased in diameter after 7 d of culture when compared with other concentrations tested. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that FGF-10 maintains the morphological integrity of goat preantral follicles and stimulates the growth of activated follicles in culture. The culture conditions identified here contribute to the understanding of the factors involved in goat early follicular development.     

由体外受精囊胚获得ICR小鼠ES细胞

收集鼠卵母细胞和精子，采用体外受精技术，获得早期胚胎。体外培养胚胎至囊胚，分离内细胞团，获得ICR小鼠的ES细胞。结果不但获得了来自体外受精囊胚的ICR小鼠ES细胞，而且表明用体外受精方法获得的小鼠早期胚胎的数量明显大于常规方法，且比较稳定。ICR小鼠ES细胞的获得，为研究小鼠的ES细胞分化提供了条件。     

鸡Bcl-2基因的克隆及其对卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

将鸡的 Bcl- 2基因克隆到真核表达载体 JL V中 ,构建了重组质粒 JL VB。 0 .2μg/孔 JL VB重组质粒经脂质体介导转染卵泡颗粒细胞 ,应用流式细胞术等方法分析了转染 Bcl- 2基因后原代细胞和传代细胞的生长与凋亡情况。与对照组相比 ,转染后的传代细胞分裂速度较快 (P<0 .0 1) ,凋亡比率较低 ,G2 / M S期细胞比例极显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。这些结果表明 ,Bcl- 2基因具有促进细胞分裂、抑制细胞凋亡、延长细胞寿命的作用 ,这种作用是直接的。在转染时间为 12 h、DNA量为 0 .3μg/孔的条件下 ,较好的脂质体介导用量为 1.2 μL/孔。     

稳定表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白的CHO-K1细胞系的建立及免疫原性分析

建立高表达PCV2-Cap蛋白的CHO-K1悬浮稳转细胞系,鉴定蛋白的免疫原性,为开发新型且有效防治猪圆环病毒的亚单位疫苗奠定基础。构建重组质粒pEE12.4-PCV2-Cap,转染CHO-K1细胞,通过加压筛选,有限稀释,细胞悬浮驯化及Western blot检测得到高表达Cap蛋白的悬浮稳转单克隆细胞株,并对该细胞株进行发酵,纯化得到的目的蛋白,通过小鼠免疫验证其免疫原性。结果表明PCV2-Cap蛋白能够在CHO-K1细胞中正确表达;发酵过程中活细胞密度高达6×10~6个·mL^-1,细胞活力在80%以上,PCV2-Cap蛋白表达量约为370 mg·L^-1;利用间接ELISA检测小鼠免疫后血清中的抗体水平,证明了利用CHO-K1细胞生产的Cap蛋白具备良好的免疫原性。本研究成功构建了表达PCV2-Cap蛋白的CHO-K1悬浮稳转细胞系,并进一步对目的蛋白进行免疫原性分析,为猪圆环病毒亚单位疫苗的开发打下扎实的基础。     

紫露草花色形成的机理分析

运用测色法、组织切片法、电感耦合、等离子体质谱及高效液相色谱等植物成分分析方法,对单子叶植物紫露草（Tradescantia albiflora）花色形成的化学基础进行研究。结果表明,紫露草花瓣颜色属于蓝紫色系（Violet group N88B）;色素物质主要积累于近轴面和远轴面的表皮层,深度20～30 μm,且表皮细胞呈略扁平的长方形;紫露草花瓣中Ca元素含量极丰富（5 120.89 μg·g-1）,其次是Mg元素（2 360.71 μg·g-1）;主要成色色素为矢车菊素(6.671 1 mg·g-1)和飞燕草素(0.674 4 mg·g-1);主要黄酮醇类物质是山奈酚(0.327 2 mg·g-1)。本研究表明,紫露草蓝紫色花的形成可能与二价金属元素Ca、Mg与飞燕草色素及矢车菊色素螯合有关。     

Skin sensitivity to tuberculins in cattle vaccinated against Johne's disease

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a dry-cow antibiotic preparation containing cloxacillin plus ampicillin in a formulation that gives a 10-week duration of action, in comparison to products containing cephalonium (10-week action) or cloxacillin alone (7-week action).

Methods: A total of 493 cows were selected from 6 spring-calving dairy herds in the Manawatu region of New Zealand, according to the criteria of the SAMM plan, to receive intramammary antibiotic therapy at the end of lactation (drying off). Cows were randomly allocated to receive 1 of the 3 dry-cow antibiotic products under investigation. Cows were examined twice during the dry period and twice daily during the first 10 days of their subsequent lactation for the presence of mastitis. Milk samples were collected from individual quarters at the time of drying off and at 7 and 28-35 days after calving, for determination of milk somatic cell counts (SCC). Bacteriology was carried out on milk samples taken from cows that developed mastitis during the first 10 days after calving.

Results: No cows developed mastitis during the dry period. Sixteen cows developed clinical mastitis within 10 days of calving; there was no difference in incidence between treatments. Streptococcus uberis was the most commonly isolated organism. Mean SCC on Day 7 were lower (p = 0.019) in cephalonium-treated quarters (189.9 ± 28.4 × 10³ cells/ml) than in cloxacillin-treated quarters (388.7 ± 71.2 x 10³ cells/ml); values in quarters receiving cloxacillin plus ampicillin were intermediate (252.0 ± 47.0 × 10³ cells/ml). SCC were similar between treatment groups on Day 28–35.

Conclusions: The use of a combination of cloxacillin plus ampicillin was effective for the prevention of mastitis during the dry- and peri-calving-periods in pastured dairy cattle.     

Effects of Donor Cells Treated with Egg Extracts on the Development Competence of Cloned Embryos

Japanese Balck cattle fetal fibroblasts (JBCFF) were induced with Xenopus leavis egg extracts and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was carried out with the reprogrammed JBCFF as donor cells in order to investigate their effects on SCNT efficiency.Three samples of egg extracts were acquired from different Xenopus laevis.The protein contents and kinds in extracts were evaluated with BCA Protein Quantification Kit and SDS-PAGE.Concentration of Digitonin to permeabilize JBCFF was optimized and assessed with PI staining.Reprogrammed cells treated with egg extract were used as donor in SCNT.Additionally the reconstructed embryos were activated with ionomycin+6-DMAP and A23187+6-DMAP to compare their effects on the development competence.The protein contents of extracts samples were 56.2255,64.6570 and 71.2158 μg/mL,respectively,the each extract had the same composition about 40-55 and 70-100 ku.The optimal concentration of Digitonin was 7 μg/mL and the permeabilization rate was 55.44%.After extracts treatment and continuous culture for 6-7 d,JBCFF formed well-defined colony structures.No significant composition difference was found in rates of fusion (92.83% vs 96.04%),cleavage (89.64% vs 89.78%) and blastocyst formation (24.06% vs 23.12%) of cloned embryos when the colony cells and JBCFF without extracts treatment were used as donor cells (P>0.05).Similarly,the two activation methods had no significant effect on the developmental competence of cloned embryos (cleavage rate 92.16% vs 92.28%,blastocyst rate 23.21% vs 24.18%).Conclusively,Xenopus leavis,egg extracts could induce JBCFF reprogramming to a low differentiated state.However donor cells with reprogramming partially could not improve the development of cloned embryos and its mechanism requires further research.