The role of nickel on somatic embryogenesis in Setaria italica L. in vitro

Nickel (0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in leaf base and mesocotyl derived calli of Setaria italica. A lower concentration of nickel in the culture media promoted long-term maintenance of embryogenic calli that regenerated into plantlets. The plants obtained from embryogenic calli grown on Ni-containing medium showed tolerance to nickel. The growth of embryogenic callus was the maximum at 1.5 mg/l as compared to a lower or a higher concentration of Ni. Use of nickel may help in the induction of high frequency somatic embryogenesis in Setaria italica. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水稻胚乳细胞增殖和充实与子房生理活性变化关系的研究

结合水稻不同粒位籽粒的胚乳增殖动态和单细胞充实状况,分析了胚乳细胞增殖过程中子房若干生理指标的变化特点,结果表明：籽粒呼吸量较大的时期为胚乳细胞物质充实期,而单位鲜重呼吸强度最大在胚乳细胞分裂期,弱势粒呼吸强度在花后有一低水平期,随着细胞分裂的起动开始上升;胚乳细胞分裂期保持有较物质充实期高得多的含水率;子房ＡＴＰ水平在胚乳细胞分裂期处于较高水平;可溶性糖含量强势粒在胚乳细胞分裂期水平较高,至细胞     

野生稻原生质体培养与植株再生

三个野生稻（O. rufipogon,O. glumaepatula 和O. latifolia）成熟胚,经愈伤组织诱导和悬浮细胞培养,分离原生质体,利用简化原生质体培养基（SPCM）,结合琼脂糖包埋,并附加看护细胞培养液,这三个野生稻原生质体均得到了成功培养,其中两个（O. rufipogon和O. glumaepatula ）分化了绿色植株。看护细胞液在野生稻原生质体培养中,可促进细胞分裂,提早细胞分裂始期,细胞分裂频率（3.2％）和植板率（19.0%）分别比未加看护细胞液的培养方法高出13.3%和6.2%。看护细胞液可大大减少野生稻愈伤组织在液体中培养始期的死亡率,提高建立其悬浮细胞的成功率。原生质体克隆在适当的后培养基上进行培养,可以显著改良其结构,明显促进绿苗分化。尤其是L3培养基诱导原生质体克隆形成胚性愈伤组织或类似胚状体结构的频率达32.1%,显著高于MS和N6培养基,从而导致较高绿苗分化频率。     

提高粳稻体细胞培养绿苗频率的研究

本试验结果证明:(1)通过异地、异季种植和温度预处理等可以使那些难以分化的粳稻材料有效地提高愈伤组织诱导率和绿苗分化率。(2)在 N_6培养基中,降低生长素的浓度,添加水解乳蛋白和水解核酸也可提高愈伤组织的绿苗分化率,但其效果远不及前者。     

鸡T细胞特异性单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

以鸡胸腺细胞免疫ＢＬＡＢ／ｃ小鼠,进行细胞融合,获得了１５株杂交瘤克隆株,其中有５株（１Ｂ６、１Ｃ５、３Ｅ４、９Ｈ６、５Ｅ１０）杂交瘤克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂｓ）只对鸡胸腺细胞和外周血Ｔ细胞发生特异性反应。ＷｃｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ分析表明,这组ＭｃＡｂｓ反应的膜抗原分子量为６０～６５ＫＤ,该抗原分布于６３３～７２４％的胸腺细胞、１７３％～２４５％的脾细胞,２３％～２７％的外周血淋巴细胞,而法氏襄细胞的反应性不超过１３％。以此ＭｃＡｂｓ作诊断试剂,对禽类Ｔ细胞分离、纯化及Ｔ细胞亚类鉴定提供了重要的研究手段。     

早稻品种对二化螟的抗性及其生化基础研究

】对二化螟在早籼５１４３和中１０６１与杂交早籼新香Ａ／７１和优ＩＡ／６６上造成的枯鞘、枯心数,及对不同品种稻株的总糖量和氨基酸总量测定及叶鞘组织硅质化分析,研究了水稻不同品种与二化螟的抗虫性关系。结果表明,虽未出现高抗二化螟的品种,但品种间对二化螟的耐虫性差别明显,中１０６１对二化螟的耐虫性最强,５１４３和新香Ａ／７１居中,优ＩＡ／６６最弱。二化螟在不同品种上的种群消长与糖含量具有一定相关性,糖含量高的品种二化螟发生程度重。硅化细胞多,硅质化程度高的品种对二化螟的抗性强。     

产色素与不产色素新疆紫草培养细胞超微结构的动态变化

对培养１５,２５和３５ｄ的新疆紫草培养细胞的电镜观察结果表明：紫草素的合成部位在内质网上;色素颗粒通过两种方式分泌到细胞外,一是与细胞膜融合,通过细胞壁释放到细胞外,二是通过细胞裂解大量排出细胞外。不产色素细胞的生长和结构变化情况与产色素细胞都相类似,只是未见大量的色素颗粒。     

原始生殖细胞的人类胚胎干细胞克隆

取材于妊娠终止胚胎生殖腺或生殖嵴及其周围组织,用ＤＭＥＭ＋ＮＣＳ培养液体外培养,分离由人ＰＧＣｓ转化成的类ＥＳ细胞,并将其与同源胚胎成纤维细胞一起用胰蛋白酶＋ＥＤＴＡ的无钙镁ＰＢＳ液消化传代。在原代培养１２ｈ观察到胞体较大、边缘不整、贴壁分裂增殖的ＰＧＣｓ样细胞,４８ｈ后观察到２６处紧密排列呈鸟巢状的类ＥＳ细胞集落及集落团。第６ｄ传代成功,第１６ｄ传至第４代。结果表明,体外培养附植后胚胎能够建成人的类ＥＳ细胞系。     

细胞永生化的研究进展

永生细胞系具有无限增殖能力,其自我更新能力、增殖分化模式、基因表达调控以及癌症等疾病研究一直以来也是分子细胞生物学领域的研究热点与难点.细胞永生化是指细胞在体外培养的时候,由于自身基因改变或者外界因素刺激,例如细胞周期检查点通路受损、端粒酶的再次激活上调、原癌基因激活等影响,使细胞分裂加快,并突破了自我衰老与凋亡机制,...     

Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.