Histological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor in six captive four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)

This report described the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) in six hedgehogs. The hedgehogs presented single cutaneous mass with ulcer and crusting. Histologically, the neoplastic lesions were characterized by the proliferation of well-differentiated mast cells (3 cases), and atypical mast cells (3 cases) with one atypical histiocytic morphology. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for KIT and mast cell tryptase, and were negative for Iba-1. In well-differentiated MCT, all patients were clinically improved and survived more than 365 days after surgical excision, whereas an atypical histiocytic MCT showed aggressive behavior with re-recurrence, and the animal died 115 days after surgery. These findings suggest that, compatible with other animals, well-differentiated MCT has a better prognosis in hedgehogs.     

轮状病毒感染肠上皮细胞激活宿主先天免疫研究进展

轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿、幼畜禽急性肠胃炎的人畜共患病原,常与其他病原体混合感染,多以呕吐,严重水样腹泻,脱水为临床症状,感染后具有较高病死率,对人类公共卫生以及养殖业造成极大危害.RV病原相关分子模式(PAMP)可被肠上皮细胞(IECs)中一组可遗传的模式识别受体(PRR)识别,通过IECs、先天免疫细胞与RV互...     

In Vitro Anticancer and Cancer-Preventive Activity of New Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Starfish Solaster pacificus

Sea stars or starfish (class Asteroidea) and holothurians or sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea), belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms), are characterized by different sets of glycosidic metabolites: the steroid type in starfish and the triterpene type in holothurians. However, herein we report the isolation of eight new triterpene glycosides, pacificusosides D–K (1–3, 5–9) along with the known cucumarioside D (4), from the alcoholic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Solaster pacificus. The isolated new compounds are closely related to the metabolites of sea cucumbers, and their structures of 1–3 and 5–9 were determined by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. Compounds 2, 5, and 8 have a new type of tetrasaccharide chain with a terminal non-methylated monosaccharide unit. Compounds 3, 6, and 9 contain another new type of tetrasaccharide chain, having 6-O-SO₃-Glc as one of the sugar units. The cytotoxic activity of 1–9 against non-cancerous mouse epidermal cells JB6 Cl41 and human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 was determined by MTS assay. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 showed potent cytotoxicity against these cell lines, but the cancer selectivity (SI > 9) was observed only against the SK-MEL-2 cell line. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 μM significantly inhibited neoplastic cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells induced by chemical carcinogens (EGF, TPA) or ionizing radiation (X-rays and UVB). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 µM possessed the highest inhibiting activity on colony formation among the investigated compounds and decreased the colonies number of SK-MEL-2 cells by 64% and 70%, respectively. Thus, triterpene glycosides 1 and 4 can be considered as prospective cancer-preventive and anticancer-compound leaders.     

猪体细胞核移植技术及研究现状

自2000年Polejaeva I A获得第1头克隆猪后,短短几年时间全世界已有10多例成功的报道,使得猪的体细胞核移植有了长足的发展,但目前猪的体细胞核移植效率依然低下,人们对核移植中重编程分子机理的认识知之甚少。简要综述了猪体细胞核移植近年来的研究进展,分析了猪核移植中的技术难点和影响因素。     

百里香酚对鱼源耐药性维氏气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果及其机制研究

为探究百里香酚对鱼源耐药性维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)的抑菌效果和作用机制,从患病黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)体内分离得到一株维氏气单胞菌,药敏试验结果显示,其对氟苯尼考、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星耐药。通过测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)和生长曲线来评价百里香酚对耐药性维氏气单胞菌的抑菌活性;通过测定百里香酚对其细胞膜通透性、可溶性蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶活性和DNA的影响,结合电镜观察细菌超微结构的变化研究其作用机制。结果显示,百里香酚对耐药性维氏气单胞菌的抑菌效果明显,MIC为256μg·mL^-1,MBC为512μg·mL^-1。经512μg·mL^-1的百里香酚作用1 h后,维氏气单胞菌液电导率极显著(P<0.01)上升,DNA外渗量迅速上升至(115.6±0.5)mg·L^-1。经512μg·mL^-1的百里香酚作用后,维氏气单胞菌的可溶性蛋白明显变少,细菌乳酸脱氢酶活性在2、4、6、8 h分别极显著(P<0.0...     

油菜籽预处理工艺对粕残油率的影响

通过扫描电镜研究了油菜籽原料、高低粕残油率挤压膨化试样及传统螺旋压榨试样的显微组织结构.结果表明:粕残油率低的试样经挤压膨化后细胞壁破坏充分,物料膨化效果好,有利于溶剂油与油脂的迅速充分接触,从而提高油脂浸出速度、降低粕残油率(＜1%);相反,粕残油率高的试样细胞壁没有被充分破坏,传统压榨工艺试样组织结构坚实细密不利于油脂浸出,粕残油率相对较高(＞9%).     

镉胁迫对拟南芥幼苗形态生理和错配修复相关基因表达的影响研究

以拟南芥为供试材料,从形态指标、生理指标、分子指标3个层次研究了镉（Cd）的毒理效应,筛选Cd敏感生物标记物。分子指标的研究以18S rRNA为看家基因, 错配修复基因MutS 2 homolog（atMSH2）, atMSH3,atMSH7,细胞增殖核抗原1 和2（atPCNA1和atPCNA2）为检测目的基因,采用半定量反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术研究Cd胁迫对上述错配修复相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,不同浓度（0、0.125、0.25、1.0、3.0 mg·L^-1）Cd 处理7 d后,根长随Cd胁迫强度的增加而降低; 0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下,地上部可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,而在0.25、1.0和3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd时降低,但仍高于对照;幼苗叶片数、地上部鲜重、叶绿素含量变化与对照相比差异均不显著。地上部atMSH2,atPCNA1,atPCNA2基因表达量的变化与Cd胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系,分别在0.125,0.25和0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd时达到最大值。以上结果表明,地上部可溶性蛋白含量变化与上述3个错配修复相关基因表达量的改变趋势相符,且均对Cd污染胁迫较敏感,可以作为检测Cd污染及其相关生物学效应的潜在生物标记物。     

两株侧耳属真菌对小麦秸秆化学组分及瘤胃消化率的影响

小麦秸秆木质素含量高,蛋白质等营养物质含量低,作为反刍家畜的粗饲料营养价值低,饲料化利用受到限制。通过室内小麦秸秆固态发酵试验,研究了两株侧耳属真菌Tf1（Pleurotussajor—c4u）和JG1（PleurotusCornucopiaeRoll）对小麦秸秆细胞壁化学组分的降解、瘤胃消化率和粗蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,经菌株JG1、Tf1和两菌复合发酵21d的小麦秸秆,木质素降解率分别为28．20％、30．78％和38．41％,纤维素降解率分别为19．26％、19．28％和26．65％;48h干物质瘤胃消化率分别比未发酵秸秆提高了38．62％、44．81％和55．89％,中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率分别提高了38．91％、49．00％和63．08％;粗蛋白含量分别比未发酵秸秆提高了58．60％、69．53％和72．22％。表明菌株JG1和Tf1在选择性降解木质素,改善瘤胃消化率,提高粗蛋白含量方面的优势,而且两菌株复合发酵具有协同作用,与单菌发酵相比,木质素降解率、瘤胃消化率和粗蛋白含量都明显提高。     

水稻根尖边缘细胞对铁毒的形态生理响应

以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种Azucena（铁耐性）和IR64（铁敏感）为材料,研究了Fe2+毒胁迫下附着于根尖边缘细胞(即原位边缘细胞)的数目、存活率,根尖细胞形态结构、根尖保护酶活性的变化。结果显示,Fe2+ 毒对根边缘细胞的产生有抑制作用。相对于敏感性品种而言,一定浓度Fe2+(100~200 μmol/L)有利于耐性品种边缘细胞的产生;Fe2+ 毒对边缘细胞有致死效应,随Fe2+浓度的提升,边缘细胞的存活率呈下降趋势,根尖外围细胞壁增厚,并出现细胞程序性死亡特征(敏感性品种)。同时,Fe2+ 毒对根尖保护酶活性有一定的影响,200~400 μmol/L Fe2+处理下,耐性品种POD、CAT、SOD活性都超过对照;敏感品种只有SOD活性超过对照。说明Fe2+毒胁迫下,水稻根尖通过增加边缘细胞数目、提高细胞拒铁作用,维持较高水平的POD、CAT和SOD活性来对抗Fe2+毒,缓解铁毒害。     

聚乙二醇细胞融合技术在牛手工体细胞克隆中的应用初探

本研究分3个实验。实验1对比了不同浓度的离子霉素对牛去透明带卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果;实验2比较了手工半卵切割法去核与显微半卵切割法去核的效果;实验3对聚乙二醇（PEG）细胞融合技术在牛手工体细胞克隆的应用进行了初步探讨。结果表明,对于去透明带牛卵母细胞孤雌激活,离子霉素浓度为2．0μmol／L组的激活效果最好,其囊胚发育率（29．4％）极显著地高于浓度为5．0μmol／L的对照组和0．5μmol／L组（囊胚率分别为8．3％和9．4％,P〈0．01）;采用半卵切割法去核,手工切割的半卵存活率（85．6％）与显微操作（90．3％）差异不大,切割速率（约100枚卵／h）相仿。对双半卵与体细胞进行同步融合处理时,应用50％浓度的PEG融合率（39．3％）极显著好于45％、55％和60％的PEG（融合率分别为0％、16．2％和5．3％,P〈0．01）。