富硒花椰菜可溶性蛋白质和多糖中硒含量分析

应用土培盆栽方式,研究了施硒对花椰菜硒含量的影响,以及硒的分布和赋存形态.结果表明,在土壤施硒量为8.0～24.0mg·kg-1时,花椰菜茎、叶及花球中的含硒量随施硒量的增加而显著增加;在花球中,硒主要以蛋白质硒和多糖硒两种生物有机硒形式赋存,二者分别可达25.69μg·g-1和17.27μg·g-1,分别占总硒含量的72.16%～86.63%、8.67%～10.00%.     

不同防治措施对花椰菜地节肢动物群落结构的影响

【目的】明确不同防治措施对花椰菜地节肢动物群落特征的影响,为花椰菜地害虫防治和天敌保护利用提供理论依据。【方法】设置不施药对照区、生物农药防治区和化学农药防治区,按5点随机取样,记录植株和地面所有节肢动物的数量。在田间定点埋放盛有洗衣粉水溶液的玻璃瓶调查在地表活动的节肢动物种类及数量,根据调查结果分析不同防治措施下花椰菜地节肢动物群落特征的差异。【结果】在广州花椰菜地共调查到节肢动物87种,其中植食性害虫29种,捕食性天敌54种,中性昆虫4种。防治措施明显影响节肢动物群落的物种数及其数量。不施药对照区的捕食性天敌、植食性害虫和中性昆虫的数量均高于其他两种施药防治处理区,不同处理区节肢动物群落物种数及其个体数为不施药对照区生物农药防治区化学农药防治区。花椰菜地植食性昆虫功能类群的优势集中性以花椰菜苗期为最小,成熟期最大;捕食性天敌的优势集中性在不同防治区同样以苗期相对较小,而在不施药防治对照区花椰菜各生育期,其大小接近一致;在施药防治区,捕食性天敌的优势集中性表现出波动现象。在花椰菜不同生育期以及不同防治措施区节肢动物群落的优势种不同。整个生育期优势度指数0.1的有烟粉虱、桃蚜、小菜蛾、菜青虫、前凹狼蛛、拟环纹豹蛛和八斑鞘腹蛛。花椰菜地节肢动物群落多样性指数(H′)在不同防治区和花椰菜各生育期之间均呈现不同程度的差异,各指数之间的变化趋势相似。群落整体多样性指数随花椰菜生长而增大,至中后期达到最大,此结果与田间群落的发展动态相吻合,在不同防治区之间的多样性指数为不施药对照区生物农药防治区化学农药防治区。均匀度指数在不同生育期和防治处理区的变化程度相似。害虫亚群落多样性与群落整体多样性变化趋势相似,其多样性指数在花椰菜生长中后期达到最大。不同防治措施区之间的多样性指数为不施药对照区生物农药防治区化学农药防治区,其中以化学农药防治区花椰菜苗期为最小。均匀度在花椰菜苗期为最大,而后随花椰菜生长而减小。捕食性天敌亚群落多样性在花椰菜各个生育期和防治处理之间变化相对平稳。地表节肢动物的调查表明,两种药剂处理区所施药剂对地表节肢动物的杀伤较大。同时,从地表节肢动物数量和捕食性天敌的数量动态来看,地表中性昆虫对捕食性天敌前期的定殖有一定的作用。蜘蛛与植食性昆虫、中性昆虫以及捕食性昆虫具有极显著的相关性,捕食性昆虫与中性昆虫之间也具极显著的相关性,表明这些功能团之间在数量上具有较好的跟随效应。捕食性昆虫与植食性昆虫之间相关未能达到显著水平。【结论】药剂防治措施虽然能有效降低害虫的种群数量,但也使天敌数量相应减少。地表中性昆虫对捕食性天敌前期的定殖有一定的作用,药剂防治能影响花椰菜地节肢动物群落特征,生物农药对花椰菜地节肢动物群落影响小于化学农药。     

A screening test for Mycosphaerella brassicicola on Brassica oleracea

A greenhouse screening method for resistance to ringspot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola) inBrassica oleracea is described. High infection levels were achieved by spraying young plants by mycelial inoculum enriched with 3% sucrose. The screening method was tested on three Brussels sprouts, three cabbage and three cauliflower cultivars, with known reactions to ringspot in the field. Resistance was expressed both in cotyledons and true leaves by a lower number of lesions than the susceptible control and/or by hypersensitive reactions. Results of the seedling tests reflected differences in resistance in the field. Under controlled conditions the new test can be applied year-round to young plants, thus accelerating selection procedures.     

松花菜新品种鹿松90天的选育

鹿松90天是温州市神鹿种业有限公司以自交不亲和系12号为母本、自交系BH81为父本配制而成的松花型花椰菜一代杂种,从定植到采收约90 d,每667 m2产量2 800 kg左右。在浙江省温州、杭州、金华、温岭等地试种表现高产稳产、优质、抗逆性强,同时,北京、湖北、河南、四川、甘肃等省市试种结果表明,其适合在东南沿海和黄河流域作中熟栽培。     

Induction of an alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea by substituting cytoplasm from ‘Early Scarlet Globe’ radish (Raphanus sativus)

Summary Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea L. was synthesized in a backcrossing program through amphidiploid Raphanobrassica by using Early Scarlet Globe radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as the donor of cytoplasm and B. oleracea broccoli and cabbage as recurrent pollen parents. Persistence of radish chromosomes and high female sterility were encountered in the first four backcrosses. Following use of colchiploid 4x broccoli as pollen parent, a BC₅ plant was obtained that had 2n=3x+1=28 chromosomes, improved seed set, and no radish traits. The BC₆ with recurrent 2x broccoli contained male-sterile plants with 2n=18 or 19 chromosomes, increased seed set, and broccoli morphology. Subsequent generations segregated for male-sterile and restored male-fertile plants, some with variable development of stamens and pollen. Leaf color of the alloplasmic plants, especially seedlings, was lighter green than normal.     

Height,competition and yield potential in winter wheat

Summary A monogenic dominant male sterility is used for hybrid production in autumn and winter cauliflower. The ratio of male sterile plants in the backcross progenies of autumn cauliflower was 1:1 over five years (1987–1991). However, a significant deficit of male sterile plants was observed in the winter type over the same period.The influence of the temperature on the male sterile phenotype was studied within backcross progenies planted inside polythene tunnels. Six classes of phenotype were defined during the flowering period (from May to November). At low temperature, some male sterile plants developed partial to complete male fertility, whereas at high temperature, male fertile plants became male sterile.Segregation among the progenies of self-pollinated unstable male sterile plants did not deviate from the expected 3:1 ratio. Plants homozygous for the male sterility allele have been revealed by test crosses with a male fertile plant.For use in seed production, stable male sterile plants are vegetatively maintained; however, crossing lines isogenic except at the MS locus would allow male sterile plants to be raised from seed.     

The use of an evolutionary scheme for cauliflowers in the screening of genetic resources

Summary A hypothetical scheme is given for the evolution of the different types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). This has been useful in identifying sources of reduced susceptibility to cabbage root fly (Delia radicum (L.)), and may also be useful in the search for reduced susceptibility to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.). It is argued that knowledge of the phylogeny of types within each crop species is of great importance in the exploitation of genetic resources.     

花椰菜中乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果两种农药残留的分离测定

 应用GB/T 5009.20-1996和目前文献报道的方法测定花椰菜中的乙酰甲胺磷和氧化乐果两种农药残留容易误判,本文建立了花椰菜中乙酰甲胺磷和氧化乐果两种农药残留的测定方法。采用非极性柱DB-1和中极性柱DB-17气相色谱法同时分离测定。结果表明可用非极性柱DB-1测定花椰菜中的乙酰甲胺磷;用中极性柱DB-17测定花椰菜中的氧化乐果。最小检出限分别为:乙酰甲胺磷0.008 mg/kg,氧化乐果0.020 mg/kg. 回收率为:乙酰甲胺磷99.3%～108.5%,氧化乐果102.6%～107.9%. 双毛细管柱、双检测器气相色谱法同时测定花椰菜中的乙酰甲胺磷和氧化乐果残留量,可避开花椰菜特有化合物的干扰,并且具有灵敏度和准确度高、检测速度快等优点。     

花椰菜花球与其它器官相关性的研究

花椰菜各器官间密切相关，其中花球重与叶重、茎直径关系最为密切，相关系数分别为ｒ＝０．７７０３和ｒ＝０．８０２３。肥水条件与植株总重和各器官重呈正相关关系。去叶和断根的结果表明，在试验范围内，去叶赵多，去叶越晚对植株总重和花球重影响就越大。同样断根越多，断根越晚，对花球重的影响就越大。     

农标菌介导的花椰菜遗传转化体系研究

以花椰菜栽培品种“春秋”无菌苗的子叶和下胚轴为外植体 ,在携带 Ca MV Bari- 1基因 的根癌农杆菌菌种 GV310 1的介导下 ,对影响花椰菜遗传转化的诸因素进行了研究 ,建立了较为完善的转化体系 ,其转化率分别达 2 .31%和 2 .5 6 %。在这一转化体系中 ,首先将过夜培养的农杆菌用 MS无机盐液体培养基稀释 5倍或 10倍 ,感染经 2～ 3d预培养的子叶和下胚轴外植体 30 s,然后进行黑暗共培养 1d,外植体经表面灭菌后转接到含 5 0 0mg/ L 羧苄青霉素的分化培养基上。 3周后 ,将分化的不定芽切成 0 .5 cm见方的小块 ,接种在选择培养基上 ,经筛选的转化芽再诱导成苗