Characteristics of infestation of sweet potato by sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Apionidae)

Studies were conducted to examine the characteristics of infestation of vines of sweet potato plants by the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.). The use of terminal tender vine cuttings, taken even from heavily weevil‐infested sweet potato, to grow a new crop and planting such a crop in plots surrounded by barriers to reduce weevil migration from the outside to the newly planted area, produced a practically weevil‐free crop. On the contrary, crop planted to old vine cuttings in an open field was severely damaged by the weevil. Consequently, crop planted using tender vine cuttings produced significantly more root yield than the one planted to old vine cuttings, irrespective of whether the planting was done in an open field or in an insect‐protected field. Sweet potato weevil infestation of 1‐ to 8‐week‐old plants increased significantly with plant age. The insect preferred sweet potato roots over sweet potato vines when both plant parts were available for infestation. Dipping the vine cuttings for 30 min in carbofuran solution prior to planting protected the newly planted sweet potato crop for up to 6 weeks after planting.     

克·杀单颗粒剂的反向离子对色谱分析

本文采用反相离子对色谱及双通道检测分析克·杀单颗粒剂。以LichrospherRp-8不锈钢柱为色谱柱 ,0.01mol/L四丁基溴化铵 (pH=3.2) +乙腈=70+30为流动相 ,双通道检测 :杀虫单检测波长为245nm,克百威检测波长为280nm。该方法的标准偏差分别为杀虫单0.015、克百威0.0066;变异系数分别为0.79%、1.21% ;线性相关系数分别为0.9999、0.9999,平均回收率分别为99.04%、98.83%。     

Near‐field air concentrations of pesticides in potato agriculture in Prince Edward Island

BACKGROUND: Pesticides in air have become of increasing concern in recent years. This study examined downwind air concentrations of carbofuran, methamidophos, mancozeb and diquat dibromide resulting from spray drift within 24 h of application, within 100 m of potato fields. RESULTS: Concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 µg m^?3 in prespray samples to 6.37 µg m^?3 for methamidophos at 3 h post‐spray. For most applications, air concentrations decreased with distance from the field and with time after application. Methamidophos concentrations in the air downwind continued to increase up to 3 h after spray. Air concentrations during spray were positively correlated with application rate (r = 0.904), and air concentrations at 1 h and 3 h post‐spray were positively correlated with vapour pressure (r = 1.000 and r = 0.999 respectively). Carbofuran, methamidophos and diquat dibromide concentrations during spray were above some Canadian and international health protection guidelines. CONCLUSION: Although pesticide air concentrations measured in this study are generally consistent with other studies, maximum concentrations are greater than those that have been measured elsewhere, and some are above published air quality guidelines. An evaluation of the degree of risk posed by these and other pest control products to human and wildlife receptors is recommended. Copyright © 2009 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析法测定甘蔗中的克百威残留

采用包被抗体直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法测定了甘蔗中的克百威残留量。在优化条件下,对克百威标样检测的线性范围为0.000 1~1 mg/L,抑制中浓度(IC50)=3.09 μ g/L,5次重复测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为9.3%, IC20值为0.085 μ g/L。甘蔗中分别添加克百威标样1,0.1,0.01 mg/kg,直接竞争ELISA法测定的回收率分别为86.3% ~99.1%,89.0% ~101% 和70.7% ~90.6%,RSD(n=5)分别为5.4% ,5.2% 和10.7%。ELISA法对甘蔗中克百威残留的最小检出量为6.3×10-11g,定量限可达1.26 μ g/kg。而同样前处理条件下高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UV)法对克百威的最小检出量为5×10-8 g,检测甘蔗中克百威残留的定量限仅为2.5 mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生化法检测蔬菜中涕灭威和克百威残留的方法研究

建立了蔬菜中涕灭威和克百威残留的分析方法。样品以乙腈提取,以氨基固相萃取柱净化,甲醇∶二氯甲烷=1∶99（V/V）洗脱,以高效液相色谱柱后衍生系统,荧光检测器检测。在最佳分离条件下,涕灭威和克百威在浓度0.01～1.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限涕灭威为1.4μg/kg,克百威为1.7μg/kg。蔬菜样品中3个添加水平的平均回收率为涕灭威70.6%～82.0%,RSD为5.1%～12.2%;克百威88.0%～98.0%,RSD为1.3%～14.0%。该方法灵敏,准确,适用于蔬菜中涕灭威和克百威的残留检测。     

克百威人工抗原的合成与鉴定

以2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-苯并呋喃酚为反应原料,在通光条件下合成了2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-苯并呋喃基氯甲酸酯.然后,以其作为反应原料与氨基已酸或氨基丁酸反应,在不同条件下合成了具有羧基的两种活性半抗原6-[[(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-苯并呋喃基氧)羰基] 氨基]已酸(BFNH)和4-[[(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-苯并呋喃基氧)羰基] 氨基]丁酸(BFNB).半抗原和牛血清蛋白(BSA)经碳二亚胺法偶联得到了其免疫原,BFNH-BSA和BFNB-BSA的结合比分别为10∶1和13∶1,同时利用混合酸酐法和卵清蛋白经偶联得到包被抗原,BFNH-OVA和BFNB-OVA的结合比分别为4∶1和3∶1.     

Effect of carbofuran on enzymatic activities and growth of tomato plants in natural,fertilized and vermicompost-amended soils

The effects of carbofuran, a widely used carbamate pesticide, on soil enzymatic activities such as fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDAH), dehydrogenase, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied at different time intervals in unamended soil and soil amended with inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost, cropped with tomato plants. The results showed that all enzymatic activities varied with carbofuran application rates and increased significantly up to 1.0 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha^?1 dose of carbofuran. The most significant increase was observed at 0.20 kg a.i. ha^?1 dose both in unamended and amended soils. This showed that carbofuran was not toxic to all enzymatic activities studied upto 1.0 kg a.i. ha^?1 dose of carbofuran in both systems. A significant decrease in all enzymatic activites were observed at higher dose of carbofuran both in unamended and amended soils relative to their respective controls. Highest enzymatic activities were observed in vermicompost amended soil and minimum in fertilized soil compared to control. The results indicated that the growth of tomato plants was significantly higher at 0.20 kg a.i. ha^?1 dose of carbofuran in all the cases and followed the order: fertilized soil > vermicompost amended soil > natural soil and was positively correlated with the enzyme activities.