Degradation and Leaching of Carbofuran and Dimethoate in Terrestrial Soil-Core Microcosm

通过陆生微宇宙土芯淋溶试验研究克百威、乐果在常州水稻土和海安高砂土2种土壤中的降解和淋溶特性。结果表明：在整个实验周期,克百威、乐果在高砂土、水稻土不同土层中的含量依次为0～10〉10-30〉30～60cm;施药后2h淋溶,2种农药在水样中的检出浓度均较高：就2种农药对比而言,乐果在淋溶水样中浓度降低较为迅速,14d时淋溶水样中就未检出。而克百威在14d时仍有检出。受试农药的理化性质、降解特性及受试土壤的理化性等因素能很好地诠释试验结果。研究一方面可为这2种农药的科学使用提供参考,另一方面．为陆生微宇宙系统的开发、应用提供借鉴。     

农药残留快检仪可检蔬菜种类的研究

采用LZDN-16T蔬菜农残快检仪,对海南省常食用的10种类别,57个蔬菜品种进行快速检测。检测显示,可直接进行检测的蔬菜品种52个,经特殊处理后可检测的蔬菜品种4个、不可检测的蔬菜品种1个。     

苹果中克百威残留快检测定及方法评估

【目的】提高苹果中克百威残留快速检测方法的灵敏度与准确度,确保苹果产品中克百威农药残留抽查的高效和准确性。【方法】以新疆阿克苏当地6个点位市售苹果为检测样品,采用行业标准NY/T 761-2008第3部分的液相色谱法为参比方法,分别选择3家快检试剂盒,根据《食品快速检测方法评价技术规范》对其快检适应性进行评估。【结果】利用参比方法和快检试剂盒均未从苹果样品中检出克百威残留。3家快检试剂盒可在0.01 mg/kg以上呈阳性显色反应,低于GB/T 2763-2019《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》中的限量要求;试剂盒灵敏度均为100%、特异性均为50%、假阴性率均为0、假阳性率均为50%、相对准确度均为90%。【结论】所测试剂盒适用于苹果中克百威残留量的快速筛查。     

Studies on Seed Residues Following Carbofuran Application in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) with Reference to Viability

Soil application of different formulations of carbofuran at 3.0 and 1.5 g.a.i. metre row⁻¹ did not have any impact on vigour and viability of the resultant seeds of sorghum. Fresh seeds from encecap 'A', encecap 'B' and furadan treated plots contained higher residues than the permissible limits and in artificially aged seeds the quantities were below the permissible limits. The degradation was evident with the growth and development of seedlings grown from fresh and aged seeds. Residues from lower doses dissipated faster than higher doses. The general decline in percentage germination and vigour could not be attributed to the residual toxicity but only to the ageing phenomena.     

克百威丙硫克百威和丁硫克百威的残留与降解研究进展

本文综述了近几年国内外对克百威、丙硫克百威、丁硫克百威的降解残留的重要进展，阐述了它们的降解和残留与其施用量、土壤类型、温湿度、降雨量等有关，它们的降解方式主要有水解、光解、微生物分解3种方式，指出了当前用于检测其残留量一些常用方法。     

土壤中呋喃丹杀虫双p'p-DDT对蚯蚓的单一及复合毒性的研究

采用江苏省常熟农业生态试验站土壤,均匀混入农药后,调节适当的土壤水分,在人工气候箱内保持温度为20℃、湿度为80%的条件下,分别在第2、4、7、10、15d观察蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓Eiseniafoetida)的急性中毒状态及死亡情况并进行数据分析。结果表明,蚯蚓在含有单一杀虫双和呋喃丹的土壤中,分别表现出不同的中毒状态和毒性效应,呋喃丹大于杀虫双对蚯蚓的毒性。在10d时杀虫双及呋喃丹的LC50分别为227.57mg·kg-1和28.28mg·kg-1。当土壤中杀虫双和呋喃丹2种农药复合存在时,蚯蚓主要表现为呋喃丹的中毒状态,2种农药复合后对蚯蚓的致死毒性有显著的影响。本文还研究了p'p-DDT作为背景时,2种农药分别对蚯蚓的复合毒性。结果发现,当土壤中p'p-DDT的含量为10mg·kg-1时,无论是单一还是复合对蚯蚓的毒性基本上没有表现出明显的影响。     

Degradation of carbofuran by an enrichment culture developed from carbofuran-treated Azolla plot

Standing water from carbofuran-treated Azolla plots showing accelerated degradation was further enriched by five repeated transfers to carbofuran-supplemented mineral salts medium. This enrichment culture developed from standing water of carbofuran-treated Azolla plot can utilise carbofuran as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The enrichment culture was able to hydrolyse nearly 100% of [ring-¹⁴C]carbofuran to carbofuran phenol in five days, which accumulated in the medium, while the carbamate side-chain in [carbonyl-¹⁴C]carbofuran was readily mineralized to [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide. Enrichment culture was able to degrade carbofuran up to 1000 µg ml⁻¹ levels in mineral salts medium with ease. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

利用放射免疫法测定水中克百威的研究

本研究建立了水样中克百威残留的放射免疫分析方法 (RIA) ,与传统的分析方法相比 ,前处理简单 ,灵敏度更高。研究结果表明 ,该方法的检出限为 0 1 75ng ml,用放射免疫测定法与高效液相色谱法检测相同水样中克百威的残留 ,两者的线性相关系数为 0 9985。