Pharmacokinetic Behaviour of Albendazole Sulphoxide Enantiomers in Male and Female Sheep

Benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs are widely used in veterinary practice. Albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) is a benzimidazole drug with two enantiomers, as a consequence of a chiral centre in the sulphoxide group. The kinetics of these enantiomers were studied in male and female sheep. Plasma samples were obtained from the animals between 0.5 and 72 h after oral administration of 7.5 mg/kg of a racemic formulation of ABZSO (total-ABZSO). After a liquid–liquid extraction, the samples were analysed by HPLC to determine the concentrations of total-ABZSO and of the sulphone metabolite (ABZSO₂). During the chromatographic analysis, the ABZSO peak was collected and reanalysed by an HPLC technique using a Chiral AGP column to quantify the enantiomeric proportion therein. After kinetic analysis, the AUCs obtained for the (+)-ABZSO were 5.8 and 4.0 times higher than those for the (–)-ABZSO in male and female animals, respectively. The mean residence times were 23.4 and 16.1 h for (+)-ABZSO and 22.2 and 17.4 h for (–)-ABZSO for male and female animals, respectively. The only significant difference between the sexes (p<0.05) was in the T _max of the (–)-ABZSO. Comparing both enantiomers within each sex, significant differences were found in all the kinetic parameters. Finally, no kinetic differences were found between sex for total-ABZSO or ABZSO₂.     

免疫亲合色谱及在农药残留分析中的应用

免疫亲合色谱可用于复杂样本中微量目标分析物的选择性分离富集。综述了免疫亲合色谱的基本原理、方法的建立过程(包括抗体的制备、固相基质的筛选、抗体与基质的偶联、免疫亲合色谱条件的优化)、免疫亲合色谱在农药残留分析中的应用现状及发展趋势。     

超声提取—气相色谱法测定油脂中胆固醇

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定油脂中胆固醇含量的方法,改进了油脂皂化方法以及皂化完成后使用分液漏斗提取胆固醇过程中容易产生乳化、操作复杂且比较耗时的缺点,采用超声波提取胆固醇,优化了样品前处理条件.结果表明,该法在0.002mg/mL～0.500mg/mL范围呈线性(r=0.9997),检出限为20mg/kg,RSD=1.104％,回收率在81.3％～93.8％之间.     

高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中的吲哚乙酸含量

建立了发酵液中吲哚乙酸含量测定的高效液相色谱法。样品经乙酸乙酯萃取、分层后,取乙酸乙酯层抽真空浓缩至干,残渣用甲醇溶解定容。色谱条件为:C18柱,以乙腈∶2%醋酸水溶液=1∶4为流动相,采用紫外检测器在280nm处对样品中的吲哚乙酸进行测定高效液相色谱法测定。测定结果表明,吲哚乙酸在0-5mg/L时其峰面积与进样质量的线性相关系数达到0.9998,峰面积测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)3.5%(n=6)。试样加标回收率为97.6-106%。测定结果显示,该方法快速、灵敏、可靠,具有简便、重现性好的特点。     

异化铁还原对水稻土CH4,CO2及N2O形成的抑制

采用厌氧泥浆恒温培养实验,测定了4种不同水稻土及添加外源氧化铁后土壤中CH4,N2O和CO2分压及Fe()浓度的变化,探讨了影响温室气体产生的土壤化学及生物学因素。结果表明:不同土壤中甲烷产生量有很大差异,其产甲烷能力的顺序表现为四川水稻土>江西水稻土>吉林水稻土>广东水稻土,添加氧化铁可显著抑制土壤中甲烷的形成。培养过程中不同土壤产生的CO2浓度相近,变化趋势也基本相同,添加氧化铁后均可导致CO2浓度显著降低。广东水稻土中N2O气体分压显著大于其他土壤,并且释放高峰期持续时间长,不同水稻土N2O产生能力的顺序为广东水稻土>四川水稻土>江西水稻土>吉林水稻土。添加Fe(OH)3后,江西、四川和吉林水稻土中N2O气体分压明显降低,而广东水稻土表现为释放高峰期推后。吉林、四川和江西水稻土中铁还原比较迅速,而广东水稻土中铁还原有明显滞后现象。添加乙酸盐和H2对广东水稻土中甲烷生成有明显的促进作用,证实了乙酸盐及H2浓度是限制广东水稻土甲烷生成的重要条件,添加氧化铁可有效抑制外源乙酸盐及H2的产甲烷过程。     

Impact of different beer yeasts on wheat dough and bread quality parameters

In order to investigate the impact of different yeast strains from the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the dough and bread quality parameters, wheat flour was fermented using different beer yeasts. The results show that beer yeast strains could be included in the baking process since S. cerevisiae T-58 and S. cerevisiae s-23 provided adequate gas production and dough formation with superior structural properties like extensibility and stickiness to S. cerevisiae baker's yeast. The resulting breads show the highest specific volume with the highest slice area and the highest number of cells and the lowest hardness over time. The different yeasts had also an impact on the crust colour due to their abilities to ferment different sugars and on shelf life due to the production of a range of different metabolic by-products. According to this study it was possible to produce higher quality bread by using yeast coming from the brewing industry, instead of bread containing standard baker's yeast.     

马铃薯及土壤中丙炔噁草酮的气相色谱残留分析方法

建立了测定马铃薯及土壤中丙炔噁草酮及其代谢物RP017272和RP025496残留的气相色谱检测方法。植株、块茎样品以乙腈作为提取溶剂,土壤以二氯甲烷作为提取溶剂,选用KB-5（30m×320m×0.33m）色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器定量检测丙炔噁草酮及其代谢物。该方法丙炔噁草酮及其代谢物的最小检出量均为5×10-12g,丙炔噁草酮、RP017272、RP025496的线性相关系数分别为0.999 2、0.998 6、0.997 2。丙炔噁草酮在马铃薯植株、块茎及土壤中的加标回收率为90.6-96.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1-2.4%,RP017272和RP025496在土壤中的加标回收率为88.1-95.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.5-3.3%。方法具有简便、快捷,准确的特点,适合马铃薯植株、块茎及土壤中丙炔噁草酮及其代谢物残留量的测定。     

Effect of Shading on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves Under Conditions of Different Soil Water Contents1

Effect of different shading levels (no-shading, 80% shading, and 40% shading) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves were investigated under onditions of different soil water contents in summer midday. All cotton leaves exhibited similar basic responses to shading, including decreased netphotosynthetic rates, a tendency to decrease in transpiration rates, and increased stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The leaf conductance of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants increased by 28% and 16.7% compared with no-shaded plants at high water, respectively, but the net photosynthetic rates of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants declined by 50% and 14.73%, respectively. Results showed that combined effect of soil moisture and shading on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves was very remarkable.     

超声波法提取西洋参茎叶中人参皂苷Re工艺的优化

以甲醇为提取溶剂,采用超声波法从西洋参(Panax quinquefolium L.)茎叶中提取人参皂苷Re,通过高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Re含量,设计单因素试验和正交试验考察超声波频率、超声波时间、提取温度和料液比对人参皂苷Re含量的影响,优化提取工艺条件.结果表明,各因素对西洋参茎叶中人参皂苷Re提取率的影响由大到小依次为提取温度、料液比、超声波时间、超声波频率.优化的提取条件为超声波时间60 min、提取温度45℃、超声波频率45 kHz、料液比m西洋参∶V甲醇=1∶20(g/mL).     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定驱鸟剂中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯

用色谱级无水乙醇超声萃取驱鸟剂中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯,毛细管柱气相色谱法测定,试验结果表明,其相关系数为0.999 8,超声萃取效率达到87.8%以上,方法简单、准确、灵敏度高。