非衍生化-气相色谱串级质谱（GC-MS-MS）法测定豆粉中的三聚氰胺

利用离子阱气相色谱质谱联用仪,建立了非衍生化处理-气相色谱串级质谱直接分析三聚氰胺的检测方法.利用三聚氰胺二级质谱进行定性,以二级质谱的特征离子峰m/z=85进行定量,分析效率大大提高.方法的线性范围为0.5～10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.998 7,最小检测限为0.20 mg/kg,方法的精密度为5.9%,方法的回收率为82%～96%,满足现有三聚氰胺的检测,建立的方法可以直接应用于该类产品中三聚氰胺的检测.     

典型乌龙茶产区氮素平衡状况及减排潜力研究

为探讨典型乌龙茶产区氮素平衡状况及温室气体减排潜力,基于2015-2017年在福建省安溪县和武夷山市茶园开展的355户农户调研数据和207个土壤数据,采用Boundary line方法,分析了典型乌龙茶产区的氮肥施用特征、氮素平衡状况以及温室气体减排潜力。结果表明：安溪县茶园平均氮肥投入量509.4 kg·hm^-2,主要来源于复合肥和尿素,全年氮盈余量479.1 kg·hm^-2;武夷山市茶园平均氮肥投入量218.1 kg·hm^-2,主要来源于复合肥,全年氮盈余量189.8 kg·hm^-2;氮素投入与氮养分盈余量之间具有极显著的正相关关系;随着氮素盈余量的增加,土壤全氮含量也随之增加,并且安溪茶园的土壤全氮含量比武夷山茶园更高;基于Boundary line方法,安溪县和武夷山市茶园的氮肥优化用量分别为411.3 kg·hm^-2和157.7 kg·hm^-2;通过优化氮肥投入和管理水平可分别实现安溪县和武夷山市茶园温室气体减排62.0%和68.0%。在安溪县和武夷山市乌龙茶产区中,氮肥施用严重过量,导致氮素盈余量和温室气体排放量较高,应通过优化氮肥用量达到减少氮素过量盈余和降低茶园温室气体排放的目的。     

红蓼种子中杀黏虫活性成分的初步分析

［目的］ 对红蓼种子乙酸乙酯萃取物中具有潜在杀虫活性的化合物进行初步分析,为指导开发利用杀虫植物资源提供依据。［方法］ 采用硅胶柱层析和气相色谱 质谱(GC MS)联用法,以5龄黏虫为试虫;对红蓼种子萃取物的有效杀虫活性成分进行分析,应用色谱峰面积归一法测定各组分的相对百分含量。［结果］ 极性（甲醇）组分共分离出37个色谱峰,鉴定了其中的35个组分,占总含量的94.46%。弱极性（二氯甲烷）组分共分离出39个色谱峰,鉴定出39个组分。［结论］ 从成分的化学结构推断,红蓼种子的杀虫活性可能存在于14种成分中,主要成分为酮、醇、开环萜和五环三萜烷类化合物。     

Using the soil gas radon as an indicator for ground contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids

1 The Problem  One of the major problems facing risk assessment at polluted industrial sites and military bases is subsurface contamination by non-aqueous phase-liquids (NAPLs), since tracing the extent of a NAPL plume using conventional methods (drive point profiling) is usually associated with difficulties. In an effort to trace subsurface contamination as precisely as possible, monitoring points are placed in the area that might be affected by contaminants, and groundwater and soil samples are taken to the laboratory for analysis. However, the final number of monitoring points is hardly ever sufficient for distinctive contamination mapping, and this may ultimately result in an unsuitable remediation action being taken. 2 Objectives  To obtain a more detailed image of a subsurface NAPL plume and, hence, to facilitate remediation measures that are best suited for the site in question, a denser network of monitoring points is desirable. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was therefore to develop a new detection method for subsurface NAPL contamination, which is based on an easily accessibleindicator for NAPLs rather than on the analysis of soil and groundwater samples taken at the site. Based on the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, the idea was put forward that subsurface NAPL contamination should have an influence on the natural radon concentration of the soil gas. Provided this effect is significant, it would be possible to carry out a straightforward radon survey on an appropriate sampling grid covering the suspected site and thus enabling the NAPL contamination to be detected by the localization of anomalous low radon concentrations in the soil. The overall aim of the investigation was to assess the general suitability of the soil-gas radon concentration as an indirect tracer for NAPL contamination in the ground. 3 Methods  The partitioning coefficient K_NAPL/air is one of the most influential parameters governing the decrease of the radon concentration in the soil gas in the presence of a subsurface NAPL contamination. Since NAPL mixtures such as gasoline, diesel fuel and paraffin are among the most important NAPLs regarding remediation activities, laboratory experiments were performed to determine the radon-partitioning coefficient for these three NAPL mixtures. Field experiments were carried out as well. The aim of the field experiments was to test the use of the soil-gas radon concentration as a tracer for NAPL contamination on-site. For the field experiments, each site was covered with a suitable grid of soil gas sampling points. Finally, the lateral radon distribution pattern achieved on each of the sites was compared to the respective findings of the earlier research performed by conventional means. 4 Results and Discussion  The results of the laboratory experiments clearly show a very strong affinity of radon to the NAPL mixtures examined. The partitioning coefficients achieved correspond to those published for pure NAPLs (Clever 1979) and are thus in the expected range. The results of the field experiments showed that the minimum radon concentrations detected match the respective NAPL plumes traced previously. 5 Conclusions  Both the results of the lab experiments and the on-site findings demonstrate that the soil-gas radon concentration can be used as an indicator for subsurface NAPL contamination. The investigation showed that NAPL-contaminated soil volumes give rise to anomalous low soil-gas radon concentrations in the close vicinity of the contamination. The reason for this decrease in the soil-gas radon concentration is the good solubility of radon in NAPLs, which enables the NAPLs to accumulate and ‘trap’ part of the radon available in the soil pores. 6 Recommendations and Outlook  Further research is required into contamination with rather volatile NAPLs such as BTEX. Further research is also needed to examine whether it is possible to not only localize a NAPL plume, but also to obtain some quantitative information about the subsurface NAPL contamination. The authors also believe that additional investigations should be carried out to study the ability of the method to not just localize a NAPL contamination, but also to monitor on-site, clean-up measures.     

集箱筒身半自动气割机的研制

结合生产实际情况,分析了集箱筒身水压余量半自动气割机的特点及其结构设计.     

赤霉酸·6-BA 3.6%液剂高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇＋甲酸水溶液为流动相,使用ODSC18、51μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器。在210nm波长下对赤霉酸·6-BA进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数赤霉酸为O．9999;6-BA为0．998;标准偏差赤霉酸为0．01;6-BA为0．02;变异系数赤霉酸为0．46％;6-BA为0．30％;赤霉酸平均回收率为97．7％;6-BA平均回收率为98．7％。     

我国天然气输送管道发展方向及相关技术问题

通过增大管径或压力提高天然气管道的输送效率,成为天然气管道工业的发展方向,国内外天然气管道正在向1422mm管径或12MPa以上压力发展。分析了现有制管、设备、施工、设计方法、运行要求等方面存在的制约因素,针对性地提出改善措施和建议。重点讨论了国内外X100钢级管线钢的研究应用现状,以及制约其大规模工业应用的关键问题,提出研究应用建议,指出在设计中应引入基于可靠性的设计和评价方法,以适应大管径、高压力、高钢级管道建设的需要。     

秸秆还田对水稻生长发育和稻田温室气体排放的影响

秸秆是一种传统的能源物质,营养丰富,秸秆还田可培肥地力,增加作物产量。本文综述了秸秆及其制成的有机物料还田对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响及其生物学机制、秸秆还田对培肥土壤的作用和稻田温室气体排放的影响,讨论了秸秆还田存在的问题和今后研究的重点。     

旱地农田N2O、CO2排放主要影响因素及研究进展

旱地农田是大气CO₂和N₂O的重要排放来源,农业生产活动对全球气候变化有着重要影响。全球气候变暖已成为不争的事实,探索农田温室气体排放情况对缓解气候变暖,实现农业节能减排具有重要意义。综述了旱地农田土壤N₂O和CO₂排放机理、影响因素和减排措施。结果表明：旱地农田N₂O和CO₂排放受土壤理化性质和田间管理措施多种因素影响。针对减少旱地农田N₂O和CO₂排放主要从合理施肥、灌溉和优化农作措施方面入手,因地制宜,“固碳”和“减排”同步,实现增产增汇减排的可持续发展农业。     

中空纤维液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中双甲脒残留

[目的]建立水中痕量双甲脒残留的中空纤维液相微萃取-气相色谱检测方法。[方法]采用中空纤维液相微萃取技术萃取水样中残留的双甲脒,研究萃取剂类型、体积及萃取时间和温度等对萃取效果的影响。[结果]水样中残留双甲脒的最佳萃取条件为：异辛烷为萃取剂,萃取剂体积3μl,搅拌速度600 r/min,30℃条件下萃取15 min;此条件下双甲脒的检出限为1.2μg/L,相对标准偏差为4.9%,富集倍数为85倍;对某河流水样中双甲脒残留进行测定,得加标回收率为93.6%。[结论]中空纤维液相微萃取-气相色谱法检测双甲脒残留具有简单、快捷、准确等优点,能满足水中痕量双甲脒残留的分析测定要求。