温湿度对亚洲小车蝗飞行能力及主要能源物质利用的影响

本研究采用昆虫飞行数据微机采集系统(飞行磨)吊飞方法,测定了温、湿度对10日龄亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)雌雄成虫的飞行能力及主要能源物质利用的影响。结果表明,在环境温度为28℃、相对湿度(RH)为60%时,10日龄亚洲小车蝗成虫表现出最优的飞行能力,单个个体的最大飞行时间、最大飞行距离和最大飞行速度分别可达1.62h、9.87 km和2.03 km·h~(-1)。在温度16℃以下或28℃以上,其飞行能力明显降低。在40%~80%RH时,成虫均能进行正常的飞行活动。环境温、湿度会显著影响亚洲小车蝗成虫飞行能源物质的消耗情况(P0.05)。在最适的温、湿度条件下,小车蝗飞行所需的能源物质(甘油三酯)最少,其飞行单位距离消耗的甘油三酯也最低,能源利用效率最高。较高或较低的温、湿度条件,能源物质的消耗都显著高于最适条件。飞行能源物质利用效率的不同是导致其在不同温、湿度下飞行能力产生差异的主要原因之一。     

Assessment of Vein Diameter and Body Surface Temperature after High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on the Tarsal Joint in Healthy Horses

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on vein diameter and on body surface temperature changes in the tarsal joint area in a group of clinically healthy racehorses. The hypothesis of the study was that HILT increases vein diameter and body surface temperature in healthy tissue. The study involved 16 Thoroughbreds being subjected to ultrasonographic examination to assess changes of diameter of the cranial branch of the medial saphenous vein and thermographic examination to indicate temperature change of the dorsal surface of the tarsal joint, just before and immediately after HILT treatment. Vein diameter and mean surface temperature of the tarsal joint significantly increased after HILT treatment. In addition, the study was the first to describe the photothermal effect of HILT in healthy horses. More studies are necessary to specify the parameters of the procedure, that is, wavelength, energy density, or time of the procedure, depending on the patient’s individual characteristics and type of tissue.     

冀中平原奶牛舍温热环境评价及温热参数与生理指标的相关性分析

试验旨在评价冀中平原地区四季奶牛舍的温热环境,并分析温热参数与奶牛生理指标的相关性。选择3栋不同建筑结构的奶牛舍,对各舍温湿度和奶牛的呼吸频率、直肠温度和体表温度等生理指标进行检测。结果显示,奶牛舍四季环境温湿度和温湿指数（THI）变化显著（P<0.05）,其中夏季日均温最高,为28.59 ℃;冬季日均温最低,为1.55 ℃。奶牛夏季每天平均15.5 h遭受轻度热应激,6.0 h遭受中度热应激;冬季每天平均12.0 h遭受轻度冷应激。除冬季外,各季节不同牛舍的温度和THI均未表现出显著差异（P>0.05）。相比带矮墙或卷帘的棚舍,仅设顶子的棚舍夏季平均温度要高0.80~1.27 ℃,冬季低1.36~1.84 ℃。另外,夏季奶牛各项生理指标极显著高于其他季节（P<0.01）,且夏季不同舍奶牛的呼吸频率和直肠温度均表现出显著差异（P<0.05）,体表温度各季节差异均达显著水平（P<0.05）。从环境温湿参数与奶牛生理参数的相关性分析可看出,各项生理参数（呼吸频率、直肠温度和体表温度）与THI、环境温度均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,但与湿度未表现出显著相关性（P>0.05）。本研究可为奶牛舍环境的评价提供科学依据,并通过环境温热参数的检测推断奶牛生理状况,为应激的发生及预警提供数据。     

Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

苗期低温胁迫下烯效唑对红小豆根系抗寒生理及产量的影响

为探讨烯效唑(S3307)在寒地红小豆生长中缓解低温伤害、保护根系的作用,建立红小豆抗冷生产技术体系,达到保产增产的目的,在盆栽条件下,以两个红小豆品种宝清红(耐冷型品种)和天津红(冷敏型品种)为材料,于苗期在人工气候室进行低温(15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5d)和叶面喷施20mg·L^-1S3307处理,对红小豆根系抗寒生理指标、产量及不同温度敏感性红小豆品种的S3307响应差异进行测定和分析。结果表明,幼苗期低温导致红小豆根系逆境生理指标发生变化,低温诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强,引起可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的提高,同时也促使MDA含量上升,最终导致红小豆产量下降。与常温条件相比,喷施清水的宝清红和天津红,低温处理3d时,可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.21%和52.57%;脯氨酸含量分别提高了10.12%和25.39%;SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了14.92%和11.01%、5.93%和0.75%、53.33%和13.33%。低温处理5d时,可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了6.27%和3.15%;MDA含量分别显著提高了45.41%和51.08%、产量分别显著下降了19.39%和41.69%。低温条件下,喷施S3307与喷施清水的宝清红和天津红相比较,处理3d时,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高了22.01%和0.46%、8.55%和1.40%;SOD活性分别提高了13.45%和24.06%、POD活性分别显著提高了23.60%和15.95%,CAT活性分别提高了4.35%和5.88%。处理5d时,MDA含量分别降低了9.05%和4.37%;产量分别显著提高23.06%和43.88%。综上,S3307通过增加可溶性物质和脯氨酸的含量,提高保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而缓解低温伤害,进而降低低温对红小豆造成的产量影响。     

环境温度、饲料、性别对肉鸡氨基酸表观消化率和氮、能代谢的影响

利用72只32日龄京白904肉仔鸡公母各半研究环境温度简称温度、饲料种类和鸡的性别对氨基酸表观消化率AAAA、氮能代谢的影响。试验采用3×2×2析因设计。试验鸡在8℃、24℃、30～32℃下处理14天,43日龄时,采用改进的真代谢能TME法测定3种温度下肉用公母鸡对玉米和豆粕的AAAA、代谢能及与氮代谢有关的指标。试验结果如下:饲料种类极显著地影响AAAAP<0.01。温度和性别对AAAA测值无显著影响P>0.05。内源干物质EDM排量不受温度的影响P>0.05。高温组表观代谢能AME显著高于低温组P<0.05,而常温组与高温组及低温组间差异不显著P>0.05。性别间AME无显著差异P>0.05。温度及性别对氮校正表观代谢能AMEn无显著影响P>0.05。尿酸FUA受温度影响极显著P<0.01。氮沉积率NR不受温度的影响P>0.05。氮平衡值NB受温度影响极显著P<0.01。     

温度和食物对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及繁殖的影响

本试验设3个温度（20、25和30℃）和3个食物浓度（1×106、10×106和20×106 cells/mL）,研究不同温度和不同食物浓度对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及繁殖的影响。试验期为10 d。结果表明,最大种群密度均随温度和食物浓度的升高而先增加后减少。温度为25℃食物浓度为10×106 cells/mL时,最大种群密度为74.39±1.81 ind/mL,与其他组比差异显著（P〈0.05）。随温度升高,轮虫的最大种群密度高峰值出现的时间也呈现逐渐前移的趋势,最大种群增长率则随温度和食物浓度的增加而升高。温度30℃食物20×106 cells/mL时,最大种群增长率为0.70±0.013,与其他组比差异显著（P〈0.05）。食物浓度对轮虫的怀卵率有显著影响,在同一温度下最大怀卵率随食物浓度的升高而增大,食物为20×106 cells/mL的最大怀卵率为56.43±1.07%,与其他浓度组比差异显著（P〈0.05）。在本试验条件下,温度和食物对褶皱臂尾轮虫的种群增长及繁殖均有显著影响。温度25℃食物浓度10×106 cells/mL为培养条件的最优组合。     

寒冷地区温室型犊牛舍温热环境研究

为研究低温条件下温室型犊牛舍内的环境状况,研究分析了舍外平均气温为（-10±1）℃、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃条件下,温室型犊牛舍的空气温度、相对湿度、气流速度和有害气体等指标。结果表明,当外界平均气温为（-10±1）、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃时,犊牛舍内平均气温分别为6.7℃、2.1℃和-0.6℃,平均相对湿度分别为64.1%、59.5%和75.2%,气流速度分别为0.05m/s、0.04m/s和0.04m/s,CO2浓度分别为2434mg/m3、2512mg/m3和2528mg/m3,而犊牛舍空气中未检测出H2S和NH3。结果说明,在外界平均气温-20℃以上的天气条件下,保温良好、换气充分的温室型犊牛舍,其舍内的温热环境和空气质量环境完全可以满足哺乳犊牛需要。     

人工模拟高温环境下白三叶草相对生理指标测定

研究了高温胁迫条件下白三叶叶片相对含水量、膜透性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量的变化规律。结果表明:25~35℃处理0.5 h后,白三叶的膜透性、脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐下降,但幅度不大;45℃以上高温处理后,以上生理指标均有显著性大幅度的变化。与CK比较,温度每升高5℃,白三叶细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸含量平均增加50.62%、59.89%,而相对含水量、叶绿素含量分别下降34.22%、4.61%。在实验条件下,白三叶能适应35℃的高温,40~45℃为其忍耐高温的临界温度范围,50℃为致死温度上限。     

Influence of feeding regime on timing of parturition in beef cattle and the relationship of vaginal temperature to parturition

The timing of parturition was recorded for a total of 56 beef cattle (Japanese Black × Holstein Friesian) on different dietary treatments. The rate of calving during daylight hours in cows night‐fed (18.00 hours) with a roughage diet was significantly higher than that in cows night‐fed with a high concentrate diet (79.2% vs 38.5%, P < 0.05). Subsequently, the vaginal temperature (VT) of these cows was analyzed using a cosinor method. When the feeding schedule was changed from twice daily (08.30 and 15.30 hours) to night feeding, the periodicity, the acrophase and the bathyphase, which were the parameters of the cosine curve, were unstable from the first day of night feeding until after day 6 (P < 0.05). Prior to parturition, the midline‐estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and the amplitude for the cows that were fed a high‐roughage diet at night and that calved at night‐time were lower and larger, respectively, than that for the other treatments (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the time of parturition in most of the beef cows was influenced by feeding time and diet composition. Those cows that calved at night‐time in spite of night feeding had lower vaginal temperatures.