绿地精准灌溉控制系统设计与最优灌溉量分析

为了提高绿地精准灌溉控制系统中两点法测量土壤墒情的测量精度,通过对土壤水分传感器一体化的研究,设计了双层复合土壤水分传感器,相比于传统的两个传感器策略,使用该复合型土壤水分传感器测量结果更加精确,且降低了能耗。为了获得绿地作物的最优灌溉量,确保灌溉水不浪费且能满足作物正常生长的需求,以高羊茅为例,通过实验,在综合分析高羊茅生长需求、土壤墒情和部分气象资料的基础上,得出适合于高羊茅的最优灌溉量为12 mm。     

物联网技术在食品及农产品中应用的研究进展

物联网(IOT)技术正被越来越多地应用在食品及农产品领域。首先简介了无线射频识别标签(RFID)和无线传感器网络(WSN)的原理和技术,然后较全面地分析归纳了近年来这些技术在食品、农产品的生产监控、安全监管及供应链的溯源与追踪等领域的应用研究现状,并分析了存在的问题和解决途径,最后展望了这些技术今后的发展趋势和应用前景。     

基于关节力传感器的并联六自由度机构标定方法

提出了一种基于关节力传感器的并联六自由度机构结构参数标定方法.从力学角度出发,通过测量并联六自由度机构各关节驱动力,利用并联六自由度机构自身的运动学和动力学模型构造相应的辨识模型,实现其结构参数的标定.通过标定仿真验证了该方法的实用性和有效性.     

利用数码相机测定板栗果实褐变的方法研究

提出了一种测定板栗果实褐变程度的新方法,可快速测定板栗等果实的表面褐变程度.其原理是利用数码相机拍照获取板栗褐变果实的图像,利用软件对图像进行处理,得到板栗果实的亮度值,进而揭示果实的褐变程度及其褐变规律.     

Simple method for extracting the seasonal signals of photochemical reflectance index and normalized difference vegetation index measured using a spectral reflectance sensor

A spectral reflectance sensor(SRS) fixed on the near-surface ground was developed to support the continuous monitoring of vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI). NDVI is useful for indicating crop growth/phenology, whereas PRI was developed for observing physiological conditions. Thus, the seasonal change patterns of NDVI and PRI are two valuable pieces of information in a crop-monitoring system. However, capturing the seasonal patterns is considered challenging because the vegetation index values estimated by the reflection from vegetation are often governed by meteorological conditions, such as solar irradiance and precipitation. Further, unlike growth/phenology, the physiological condition has diurnal changes as well as seasonal characteristics. This study proposed a novel filtering method for extracting the seasonal signals of SRS-based NDVI and PRI in paddy rice, barley, and garlic. First, the measurement accuracy of SRSs was compared with handheld spectrometers, and the R~2 values between the two devices were 0.96 and 0.81 for NDVI and PRI, respectively. Second, the experimental study of threshold criteria with respect to meteorological variables(i.e., insolation, cloudiness, sunshine duration, and precipitation) was conducted, and sunshine duration was the most useful one for excluding distorted values of the vegetation indices. After data processing based on sunshine duration, the R2 values between the measured vegetation indices and the extracted seasonal signals of vegetation indices increased by approximately 0.002–0.004(NDVI) and 0.065–0.298(PRI) on the three crops, and the seasonal signals of vegetation indices became noticeably improved. This method will contribute to an agricultural monitoring system by identifying the seasonal changes in crop growth and physiological conditions.     

戊唑醇分子印迹传感器制备及其农药残留检测的电学传感机理分析

以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,戊唑醇(tebuconazole,TEB)为模板分子,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,应用电化学聚合法制备了分子印迹电化学传感器(TEB-MIP/F-CNTs/GCE)。利用循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)和交流阻抗法(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)对新型传感器进行了表征,并用差分脉冲伏安法(differential pulse voltammetry,DPV)考察了新型传感器对戊唑醇的检测性能。结果表明:戊唑醇分子印迹电化学传感器具有一定特异性;传感器表观表面积比裸电极显著提高;新型传感器具有良好的印迹效果,相较于其他结构类似的三唑类化合物(如苯醚甲环唑),TEB-MIP/F-CNTs/GCE对戊唑醇表现出高效的识别能力,具有专一性和强选择性,且在C_(TEB)≤2.0×10~(-6)mol/L范围内传感器峰电流与C_(TEB)存在定量关系;数据模拟分析得到传感器的电学阻抗谱等效电路模型为R_1(CPE_1(R_2(CPE_2(R_3)))),计算各电极/传感器的等效电路中各元件参数,证明该模型能有效地模拟传感器检测戊唑醇的传感机理。该研究结果可为三唑类农药残留仿生免疫检测方法的建立提供技术支撑。     

“站场调车管理系统“监控中心管理程序的设计

监控中心管理程序主要包括五大模块:权限管理模块、用户管理模块、调机作业单模块、站场基本数据管理模块、站场信息及查询模块.它能够将系统的“监控处理程序“所产生的站场各种资料,在监控中心的计算机屏幕上真实的反映站场当前的各种信息,以及再现站场的历史信息.     

基于LVDS传输线延时检测技术的土壤含水率传感器

为实现土壤含水率的快速准确监测,设计了一种基于LVDS差分传输线延时检测技术的土壤含水率传感器。该传感器将高频振荡信号分路为两通道LVDS差分信号,一个通道用于测试土壤含水率,另一个通道用于提供参考信号。由于土壤中水分的变化改变土壤介电常数,从而导致测试通道LVDS差分总线上信号传输延时的变化,则传感器检测该通道信号的传输延时就可以确定土壤含水率。为了获得LVDS总线设计线宽和线间距的最优值,以LVDS总线阻抗值均方误差最小化为目标,构建了线宽和线间距的最优化计算模型,并通过遗传算法求解出了最优线宽为0.178 9 mm和最优线间距为0.223 8 mm。试验表明,根据该参数设计的传感器在50 MHz频率时,对体积含水率8.31%以上的砖红壤土和黄壤土的预测模型为线性模型,决定系数R2为0.964 2,绝对预测误差在2.45%以内。     

农田信息采集单多跳共存LEACH算法

针对农田环境信息量丰富的特点,提出一种基于LEACH算法的改进型无线传感器网络路由算法--LEACH-SMC.在LEACH-SMC算法的稳态阶段,簇头节点到基站间通信采用临界距离来判断和选择多跳或单跳方式,在多跳方式中采用基于最小能量消耗的路由方式.应用Matlab对LEACH-SMC算法和LEACH算法进行仿真对比分析,结果表明, LEACH-SMC算法能提高网络有效覆盖面积并延长整个网络的寿命.