醋酸铅对体外培养SD大鼠成骨细胞的毒性

利用不同浓度的醋酸铅溶液(0、20、40、80μmol/L)作用成骨细胞24 h,研究醋酸铅对体外培养新生SD大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化和钙调蛋白(Calmodulin,CaM)的影响。结果表明,成骨细胞的增殖功能和ALP活性随着醋酸铅浓度的增加而显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),呈现一定的剂量-效应关系;与对照组相比,染铅组成骨细胞ALP活性显著下降(P<0.05),而钙调蛋白mRNA和蛋白的表达逐渐增加,当铅浓度为40μmol/L时,差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。表明醋酸铅通过影响成骨细胞的增殖分化活力、ALP活性和钙调蛋白的表达,发挥其毒性损伤作用。     

防褐剂对牡丹组培褐化发生、组培苗生长和增殖的作用

牡丹组培中褐化现象的发生,影响了组培苗的生长、增殖和组培过程的进行。该文研究了活性炭、硝酸银、PVPP和维生素C 4种防褐剂对牡丹品种‘乌龙捧盛’组培中褐化控制的作用及对组培苗生长和增殖的影响。结果表明:褐化集中发生在转接后4d内。活性炭能有效控制褐化,但长时间处理会抑制组培苗的生长和增殖;继代培养初期在含活性炭2.0 g/L的培养基中进行4 d短期处理,不仅能有效控制褐化,还在一定程度上促进了组培苗的生长和增殖。硝酸银1.0～8.0 mg/L能明显减轻褐化,其中2.0 mg/L的效果最好并能显著促进增殖;8.0 mg/L时组培苗生长量最大。PVPP能部分控制褐化,1.0 g/L效果较好;低浓度的PVPP促进组培苗生长,高浓度时促进增殖。维生素C控制褐化的效果不佳,且易导致组培苗玻璃化。综合分析认为:牡丹品种‘乌龙捧盛’继代转接时,先在添加活性炭2.0 g/L的培养基中培养4 d,然后转入不含活性炭的培养基中,能有效控制褐化和避免活性炭对生长和增殖的负面影响;在培养基中加入硝酸银2.0 mg/L,能在有效控制褐化的同时,促进组培苗生长与增殖,推荐在牡丹组培中应用。      

Suppression of Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Chickpea Using Manure Extracts and Their Associated Fungi

Decomposed manure extracts of cattle, sheep, poultry, horse and their composition of antagonistic fungi were evaluated to suppress phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, one of the most important causes of chickpea damping-off. In vitro, the dual culture test used the criteria to evaluate antagonistic potential of fungal isolates that associated with different manures, in addition to assessment severity of Rhizoctonial damping-off of chickpea seedlings in potting media Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus were highly colonized each of manure extract. Results of dual culture observed the significant reduction of the pathogens mycelial growth （70.9%） when one disc of R. solani was placed in the center and three discs of antagonistic were placed in the periphery of plates. However, the mycelial growth of R. solani evidenced a higher inhibition （48.62%） when cultured with the antagonistic of Penicillium sp.. Sheep and poultry manure extracts reduced the pathogen＇s growth by 47.24% and 49.2%, respectively. Severity rating of Rhizoctonial damping-off was decreased to 0.2 when using poultry manure containing antagonistic fungus of A. terreus, other treatments of composted soil were similarized in their results of disease index.     

Calcium channel blocker toxicity

Objective: Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are frequently prescribed for veterinary patients and the incidence of toxicosis secondary to these agents is increasing. The purpose of this review is to discuss toxicity of these agents and review therapeutic options. Etiology: Calcium plays a vital role in maintaining cellular functions within the cardiovascular system. Toxicosis secondary to these drugs can have deleterious effects on vascular tone, cardiac contractility, as well as electrical conduction in the heart. Diagnosis: The intitial diagnosis is often made based on history of ingestion, physical examination and electrocardiography. Definitive diagnosis of CCB overdose can be made via quantification of serum concentrations of the drug ingested. Therapy: Initial therapy should consist of inducing emesis and administration of activated charcoal. Other potential therapies include intravenous calcium, parasympatholytics, sympathomimetics, glucagon, insulin and dextrose, placement of a temporary pacemaker, or calcium channel agonists. Prognosis: There is little data on the outcome of CCB toxicosis. Aggressive management of these cases is necessary to try and minimize morbidity and mortality.     

The vasomotor effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on equine basilar arteries In vitro

The vasomotor effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on isolated equine basilar arteries were studied. 5-HT induced contractions of equine basilar arteries in a concentration-dependent manner, with a pEC₅₀ value (with 95% confidence limits) of 7.35 (7.08–7.62). Similar results were obtained with endothelium-denuded basilar arteries. Contractions were not competitively inhibited by the 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist ketanserin at low concentrations of 5-HT. Conversely, at high concentrations of 5-HT, contractions were inhibited by ketanserin in a concentration-dependent manner, with a pA ₂ value of 8.91 (8.62–9.20). The 5-HT₁ and 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist methiothepin shifted the concentration-response curve of 5-HT downwards and to the right in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of 10^-6 mol/L ketanserin, however, methiothepin antagonized 5-HT-induced contractions competitively with a pA ₂ value of 7.95 (7.59–8.31). The 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist MDL 72222 had no effect on 5-HT-induced contractions. The findings of this study indicate that 5-HT₁ and 5-HT₂ receptors are located in equine basilar arterial smooth muscle cells, and that stimulation of these receptors results in contraction.Abbreviations CR concentration ratio - EC₅₀ concentration producing 50% of the maximal response - 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine - MDL 72222 1H,3,5H-tropan-3-yl-3,5-dichlorobenzoate - pA ₂ negative logarithm of the molar concentration of antagonist that produces a 2-fold rightward shift of the concentration-response curve - pEC₅₀ negative logarithm of EC₅₀ - PGF₂ prostaglandin F₂     

油茶炭疽病拮抗细菌P-14的拮抗物质分析

[目的]探索解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14对油茶炭疽病病原菌的拮抗物质,以期为油茶炭疽病的生物农药开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]利用酸沉淀法和高效液相色谱法分离解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14发酵液中的拮抗物质,通过顶空固相微萃取法和气相色谱-质谱法对解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14的挥发性物质进行了分离鉴定。[结果]分离后的组分a对油茶炭疽病的病原菌具有良好的抑制作用,其主要成分为C15 bacillomycin D(杆菌霉素D)。此外,共分离得到35种挥发性化合物,其相对抑菌率为(26.19±3.82)%,其中包含苯类物质(benzenes)10种、烷基类物质(alkyls)8种、醇类物质(alcohols)2种、酮类物质(ketones)11种、醛类物质(aldehydes)3种和1种酯类物质(esters)。[结论]解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-14能产生对油茶炭疽病的病原菌具有明显的拮抗作用的物质,并确定了其拮抗物质种类,为油茶炭疽病的生物农药开发提供了可靠的研究内容。     

PEG胁迫下Ca2+和钙调素拮抗剂W7对不同品种番茄幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

以耐旱性不同的2个番茄品种为试材,采用营养液水培法,研究了钙、钙调素拮抗剂W7[N-(6-aminohexyl) -5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonami de]预处理对聚乙二醇模拟干旱胁迫下番茄幼苗抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,钙调素拮抗剂W7浸种处理显著提高了番茄幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、H2O2含量和O2 ()/(*)]产生速率,抑制了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,加剧了抗坏血酸(A sA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的破坏;而Ca 2+处理显著降低了PEG胁迫下番茄幼苗MDA 、H2O2含量和O2 ()/(*)产生速率,提高了SOD、POD活性,减轻了胁迫对AsA和GSH的破坏.相同处理条件下,耐旱性强的品种'毛粉802'较耐旱性弱的品种'皇冠'伤害程度轻,Ca 2+-CaM信号系统对缓解番茄PEG胁迫具有重要作用.