石斑鱼一氧化氮合酶cDNA的分子克隆及序列分析

一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)专一性催化L-精氨酸转化为L-瓜氨酸和一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO),产物NO是一种重要的生物信使分子,对其功能和代谢的研究越来越受人们的重视[1]。国际上,鱼类NOS的研究还刚起步,已有研究者在鱼类中检测到NOS的存在[2-5]。虹鳟[6]、金鱼[4]、大西洋鲑[7]和沟鲶[8]的诱导型NOS(iNOS)和神经型NOS(nNOS)的部分序列已鉴定。国内对哺乳动物的NOS也进行了研究[9-11],尚未见关于鱼类NOS方面的研究报道。JOURNALOFFISHERIESOFCHINA　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.27,No.4　斜带石斑鱼(Epin…     

芒果炭疽病拮抗菌的筛选及防治效果研究

针对芒果炭疽病菌进行了拮抗菌的分离和筛选,并且采用有效菌株的发酵液进行了平板培养基抑菌试验以及采后芒果果实炭疽病防病试验。结果从24个菌株中筛选得到1株有效抑制炭疽病菌的芽孢杆菌M35,其抑菌圈大于13 mm,而且其发酵液对炭疽病菌也有明显的抑制作用;果实防病试验结果也显示,该菌株对于芒果采后炭疽病有显著的防治效果,且随着该拮抗菌菌悬液浓度的增加,防病效果提高,在浓度为l×l08 CFU/mL时,发病率为45%,病斑直径为14.1 mm。     

Pre-maturity α-amylase in wheat: The role of abscisic acid and gibberellins

The occurrence of pre-maturity α-amylase (PMA) is a major cause of poor bread-making quality (low Hagberg Falling Number) in wheat grain. In susceptible genotypes, it involves the excessive accumulation of high isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase in mature grain prior to germination and in the absence of pre-harvest sprouting. Several factors regulate PMA formation in developing grain, including genotype, agronomy, and environmental conditions. In particular, a cold period during mid-grain development has been found to be a major stimulus for PMA induction. Although the factors affecting the PMA occurrence are well known, little is known about the molecular mechanism governing its induction. The plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) influence various aspects of grain development, and it has been suggested that PMA involves changes in the amount of these hormones or the sensitivity of the grain to these hormones. This review summarizes recent studies investigating the role of ABA and GAs in PMA induction and PMA occurrence.     

昆虫γ-氨基丁酸受体竞争性拮抗剂的研究进展

γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体（GABAR）是杀虫剂的重要作用靶标之一,目前已商品化的作用于GABA受体的杀虫剂均属于该受体的非竞争性拮抗剂（NCAs）。研究表明,GABA受体竞争性拮抗剂（CAs）的结合位点与作用机制有别于非竞争性拮抗剂,但二者具有相似的功能,均有杀虫活性。因此,GABA受体竞争性拮抗剂也具有开发成杀虫剂的潜力,但目前竞争性拮抗剂类杀虫剂还处于研究阶段。本文对近十年来昆虫GABA受体竞争性拮抗剂的相关研究进行综述,希望引起农药研究者的关注。     

巴西橡胶树钙调蛋白基因的克隆和表达分析

以拟南芥和杨树的钙调蛋白氨基酸序列为探针,对橡胶树转录组数据库进行搜索,并设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到7个橡胶树钙调蛋白基因的c DNA序列,命名为Hb Ca M1-7。序列分析结果发现,Hb Ca M1-7的CDS序列均为450 bp,编码149个氨基酸,分子量为16.8 ku,等电点为3.95。其中,Hb Ca M1-6间氨基酸同源性为100%,Hb Ca M7与其他成员之间的氨基酸同源性为98%。在基因结构组织方面,Hb Ca M1-7均为一个内含子,且内含子的插入位置相同,但内含子的长度明显不同。从氨基酸序列同源性和进化关系分析结果可看出,钙调蛋白基因家族在进化上非常保守。在表达方面,Hb Ca M1-6在各组织中均有表达,除了Hb Ca M3在根中表达丰度相对较高,其他成员均在胶乳中表达丰度相对较高,而Hb Ca M7在各组织中的表达均比较低;乙烯利处理后,Hb Ca M2-7的表达均有一定的上升趋势,而在叶片发育过程中Hb Ca M1-5碷呈明显下调表达。由此可见,橡胶树钙调蛋白与橡胶树叶片发育、胶乳乙烯信号通路具有一定的相关性。     

结球甘蓝花粉钙调素基因的克隆与表达分析

 根据芸薹属植物钙调素基因保守区域设计引物,采用同源克隆的方法从结球甘蓝自交不亲和系和自交系花粉中克隆得到一个钙调素开放阅读框cDNA 序列,该序列长450 bp,编码149 个氨基酸;编码蛋白不含跨膜区,无信号肽,具有4 个完整的EF-hand 结构域。构建了结球甘蓝花粉钙调素原核表达系统,钙调素基因及其3 个突变体在E. coli 中得到表达,均获得分子量约为16 kD 的可溶性融合蛋白,在EGTA 存在的条件下,各融合蛋白具有各自独特的凝胶迁移现象,活性检测表明甘蓝花粉钙调素活性依赖于钙离子。该基因在甘蓝自交不亲和系花粉萌发过程中表达量先上升后下降,在自交系中随花粉萌发增大而降低;在含有钙调素拮抗剂TFP 的培养基中,自交不亲和系和自交系花粉中钙调素基因表达量均受到抑制;在含有W-7 琼脂糖的培养基中无明显差异。     

Insect peptide hormones: a selective review of their physiology and potential application for pest control

Our knowledge on primary structure, synthesis, release, receptor binding, structure-activity relationships, mode of action and degradation of, mainly, neuropeptides from insects has increased dramatically during the last 10 years or so. Here, five case studies are presented, which deal selectively with effects on: reproduction (trypsin modulating oostatic factor in mosquito); energy metabolism, locomotion and the immune system (adipokinetic hormones); water and ion balance, and feeding behaviour (diuretic hormones, kinins, sulfakinins); sex attraction (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide); and growth and development, and muscle activity (allatostatins). The literature is reviewed in the context of how the knowledge on neuropeptides has been and can be used for the design of novel, safe and selective compounds to control pest insects in the foreseeable future.     

Functional urethral obstruction in 3 dogs: clinical and urethral pressure profile findings

Three dogs with dysuria and urine retention caused by excessive functional urethral resistance are described. All dogs had clinical histories and urologic signs that previously would have been classified as detrusor-urethral dyssynergia. Diagnosis of functional urinary obstruction was established by exclusion of anatomic urinary obstruction and confirmed by urethral pressure profilometry. In 2 cases, multiple pressure deflections recorded in the urethral pressure profile suggested spasm of urethral musculature, whereas in a 3rd dog, abnormally high pressures were recorded along a portion of the proximal urethra. Functional urinary obstruction was associated with prostatitis in 1 dog and with a history of urethral calculi in 1 dog, and no underlying disorder could be identified in the remaining dog. All 3 dogs improved with medical treatments that included alpha adrenergic antagonists. The etiology, diagnosis, and pharmacologic management of functional urinary obstruction are discussed.     

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling for prepenetration development in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochliobolus miyabeanus</Emphasis> infecting rice

Cochliobolus miyabeanus forms a specialized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect rice. Contacting a hard surface induces appressorium formation in C. miyabeanus, while the hydrophobicity of the substratum does not affect this morphogenic infection event. To determine whether the calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling system is involved in prepenetration morphogenesis in C. miyabeanus, the effects of a calcium chelator (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; EGTA), phospholipase C inhibitor (neomycin), intracellular calcium channel blocker (TMB-8), calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, phenoxybenzamine, and W-7), and calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporin A) on morphogenesis and infection were examined. Addition of Ca²⁺ and the calcium ionophore A23187 did not affect conidial germination, while the number of appressoria decreased with higher concentrations. EGTA inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation. The calcium channel blocker did not affect appressorium formation at any concentration; however, calmodulin antagonists and the calcineurin inhibitor specifically reduced appressorium formation at the micromolar level. One of the calmodulin antagonists, W-7, also inhibited accumulation of mRNA of the calmodulin gene within germinating conidia and/or appressorium-forming germ tubes. Thus, biochemical processes controlled by the calcium/calmodulin signaling system seem to be involved in the induction of prepenetration morphogenesis on rice.