三疣梭子蟹钙调蛋白基因的克隆及在蜕皮中的功能分析

基于转录组数据库信息,采用RACE技术克隆获得三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)钙调蛋白基因(PTCaM)。该基因cDNA全长1981 bp,包含450 bp的开放阅读框,编码149个氨基酸,预测分子量16.8 k D,理论等电点为4.09。对序列进行生物信息学分析发现,PTCaM是一个高度保守的序列,具有EF家族典型的EF-hand钙离子结合域。同源性分析结果表明,PTCaM基因编码的氨基酸与果蝇和中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的Ca M氨基酸序列覆盖率高达100%,与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkia)和仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)覆盖率高达99%。系统进化表明,PTCaM基因氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾、中华绒螯蟹和克氏原螯虾聚为一支。通过分析不同蜕皮时期各个组织中PTCaM的表达情况得知,该基因在蜕皮时期的各个组织中均出现差异性表达,并且差异显著,说明该基因参与蜕皮调控过程。     

桑树2个钙调蛋白亚型基因cDNA克隆和序列分析

    为了揭示钙调蛋白在桑树抗逆性方面的作用,利用SMART技术(switching mechanism at 5'end of RNA transeript) 建丰驰桑幼苗cDNA文库,从中获得2个钙调蛋白cDNA序列,2条序列的读码框均为450 bp,均包括完整的3'端非翻译区;序列比对分析发现,2条序列ORF(open reading frame)同源性为86%,但氨基酸同源性却为98%,说明是2个钙调蛋白基因.命名为MCaM-1,MCaM-2.其中MCaM-1与拟南芥CaM7、胡萝卜CaM4的氨基酸同源性达100%.这表明钙调蛋白序列在植物中相当保守.     

黑鲷♀×真鲷♂反交子代与黑鲷的CaM基因克隆与mRNA表达分析

为分析黑鲷♀×真鲷♂(Acanthopagrus schlegelii♀×Pagrosomus major♂)反交子代在生长、发育等经济性状优于黑鲷亲本(A.schlegelii)的分子遗传差异,本研究克隆了反交子代(PA)与黑鲷(As)的Ca M基因,运用生物信息学方法对基因PACa M与As Ca M的序列进行了详细分析;同时通过荧光定量分析了PACa M与As Ca M在仔鱼及2龄成鱼不同组织的表达特征。研究结果表明,PACa M基因c DNA全长1180 bp,As Ca M基因c DNA全长1241 bp,均具有一个450 bp的开放阅读框,编码149个氨基酸,分子量约16.84 k D,等电点为4.09;序列比对、结构比较等分析表明,PACa M和As Ca M属Ca M基因家族,具有4个EF-hand钙结合功能域。定量分析表明Ca M在两种鱼的仔鱼及成鱼的脑与性腺中有较高表达;PACa M和As Ca M在仔鱼及成鱼的鳃、肌肉及性腺中的表达存在显著差异(P0.05),在脑、肝及肾中的表达没有明显差异(P0.05);PACa M在仔鱼中表达量最高,As Ca M在成鱼性腺中表达最高,均显示了Ca M基因在生长与繁殖中的重要作用。研究结果为鲷科属间杂交获得的子代与亲本性状差异的功能基因表达提供一些基础资料。     

Integrated crop management, the basis for environment friendly crop protection of potatoes

Relatively large amounts of pesticides are needed to control diseases and pests in modern, intensive potato production. Integrated crop management offers a way of reducing the need for pesticides. It aims to reduce costs and improve the quality of the product and of the production methods, while maintaining soil fertility and the quality of the environment. The components of integrated crop management are described. Prevention of diseases and pests has high priority. If diseases or pests are present, non-chemical control methods are preferred and chemical control is based on economic criteria and the monitoring of the soil and crops. The contribution of integrated crop management to the control of two important fungal diseases, late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani) and of one pest, potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp..) is described. The prospects for further development of integrated crop protection are discussed.     

Calcium antagonists,diltiazem and nifedipine,protect broilers against low temperature‐induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling

This study was designed to determine whether calcium antagonists, diltiazem and nifedipine, can depress low temperature‐induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in broilers (also known as ascites) and to characterize their efficacy on hemodynamics and pulmonary artery function. Chicks were randomly allocated into six experimental groups and orally administered with vehicle, 5.0 mg/kg body weight (BW)/12 h nifedipine or 15.0 mg/kg BW/12 h diltiazem from 16 to 43 days of age under low temperature. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), the ascites heart index (AHI), the erythrocyte packed cell volume (PCV) and the relative percentage of medial pulmonary artery thickness were examined on days 29, 36 and 43. The data showed that administration of diltiazem protected broilers from low temperature‐induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Although nifedipine prevented mPAP from increasing during the early stage, it did not suppress the development of PH during the late stage and did not keep heart rate (HR), PCV, AHI and the thickness of pulmonary small artery smooth muscle layer at the normal levels. Taken together, our results showed that diltiazem can effectively prevent low temperature‐induced pulmonary hypertension in broilers with fewer side‐effects and may be a potential compound for the prevention of this disease in poultry industry.     

低温锻炼对香蕉幼苗钙调蛋白含量及其可能调节酶类活性的影响

首次对不同抗冷性的香蕉幼苗在低温锻炼中钙调蛋白(CaM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)、膜伤害率及幼苗存活率的动态变化过程进行测定。结果表明,低温锻炼提高了幼苗叶片中CaM含量和SOD、POD及ATPase活性,降低了膜伤害率,从而提高了幼苗的存活率,但不同抗冷性品种上述各项指标变化略有差异。进一步分析发现,在低温锻炼期间,不同抗冷性香蕉幼苗的CaM含量和SOD、POD及ATPase活性都呈现先上升后下降的动态变化趋势,而且它们的变化与幼苗抗冷性的提高存在着明显的相关性,据此推测CaM可能参与SOD、POD及ATPase活性的调节。     

芒果炭疽病拮抗菌的筛选及防治效果研究

针对芒果炭疽病菌进行了拮抗菌的分离和筛选．并且采用有效菌株的发酵液进行了平板培养基抑菌试验以及采后芒果果实炭疽病防病试验。结果从24个菌株中筛选得到1株有效抑制炭疽病菌的芽孢杆菌M35,其抑菌圈大于13mm,而且其发酵液对炭疽病菌也有明显的抑制作用;果实防病试验结果也显示,该菌株对于芒果采后炭疽病有显著的防治效果,且随着该拮抗菌菌悬液浓度的增加,防病效果提高,在浓度为1×10^8CFU／mL时,发病率为45％,病斑直径为14．1mm。     

Effect of a continuous hot water treatment of potato tubers on seed-borne fungal pathogens

Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive. Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk. Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d.     

钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪对犬肾上皮细胞增殖的影响

为探讨钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP)对犬肾上皮细胞(MDCK)增殖的抑制作用及对细胞各周期时相的影响,采用细胞计数法、流式细胞术、[γ-32P]ATP掺入外源性底物的液体闪烁法和免疫组化技术,分别测定5、10和15μmol/L浓度的TFP对MDCK细胞增殖的抑制作用、细胞各周期时相的百分率、胸苷激酶(TK)的活性以及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的阳性率。结果表明:给药3 d后,各浓度TFP对MDCK细胞生长均具有明显抑制作用;G0/G1期的细胞比率均显著增加(P<0.05),而S期、G2/M期细胞的比率则有所下降,其中高浓度TFP组显著下降(P<0.05);细胞内TK的活性和PCNA的表达显著降低,呈明显的时间剂量效应关系。说明TFP可通过阻断钙调素信号通路,影响DNA合成和细胞周期而抑制MDCK细胞的增殖。     

Aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor in renal injury: A potential therapeutic target in feline chronic kidney disease

There is a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence supporting mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation as a powerful mediator of renal damage in laboratory animals and humans. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed, with the strongest evidence supporting aldosterone-induced vasculopathy, exacerbation of oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased growth factor signalling promoting fibroblast proliferation and deranged extracellular matrix homeostasis. Further involvement of the MR is supported by extensive animal model experiments where MR antagonists (such as spironolactone and eplerenone) abrogate renal injury, including ischaemia-induced damage. Additionally, clinical trials have shown MR antagonists to be beneficial in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) in terms of reducing proteinuria and cardiovascular events, though current studies have not evaluated primary end points which allow conclusions to made about whether MR antagonists reduce mortality or slow CKD progression. Although differences between human and feline CKD exist, feline CKD shares many characteristics with human disease including tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This review evaluates the evidence for the role of the MR in renal injury and summarizes the literature concerning aldosterone in feline CKD. MR antagonists may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in feline CKD.