马铃薯脱毒小薯密度试验及其田间实用性探讨

本文研究了马铃薯脱毒小薯５个不同粒度水平和３个密度水平下的生产能力和种薯的投入产出情况．通过试验，分析和比较了不同处理的主要经济性状的表现．综合评价了不同处理的利用价值，筛选了可用于生产的较好的粒度和密度水平。试验结果表明：０．５～１０．ｇ的脱毒小薯是田间生产较好的粒度水平，合理的种植密度为９０００株／亩。     

扦插密度对苎麻低位分枝扦插苗成苗率及麻苗素质的影响

以中苎1号、湘苎3号、多倍体一号(Tri-1)和新品系R057四个苎麻品种(系)为材料,研究了扦插密度对苎麻低位分枝扦插苗的成苗率、单株根干重、主茎高度增加量及分枝特性的影响.结果表明:在4个处理间,4个苎麻品种(系)低位分枝扦插苗的成苗率、主茎高度增加量和单株根干重都表现为差异显著,且分枝数、最低和最高分枝位长也表现...     

土壤微生物对棕壤不同容重的响应

以棕壤为试验材料,通过盆栽的方法研究采自不同土层土样及不同容重土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌在玉米不同生育期的变化规律。结果表明,耕层与梨底层土样都是随着玉米生长发育,真菌、细菌、放线菌的数量逐渐增多,在吐丝期达到最大,然后逐渐下降;细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量随土层深度及容重增加逐渐减少;耕层土样中3种菌在对应时间与层次比梨底层土样显著偏高(P<0.01),梨底层土样在不同层次变异较小。     

不同栽培技术对大豆土壤水分、容重及产量的影响

以不同栽培技术为切入点,用大豆半矮秆品种绥农22为试材,于2010年开展了不同栽培技术组合对大豆增产效果的研究.结果表明:苗期0～ 10 cm的土壤含水量,覆膜+垄沟深松、大垄密植+垄沟深松、平播密植、平播密植+化控+深松栽培技术分别较对照(“垄三”栽培)增加10.57％、3.17％、4.41％和2.62％;分枝期0～...     

Simulation on Distribution of Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Canopy and Optimum Leaf Rolling Index in Rice with Rolling Leaves

By replacing leaf area index (LAI) with effective leaf area index (ELAI) through introduction of leaf rolling index (LRI), the distributions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the canopies of three hybrid rice combinations, Liangyou E32 with high LRI, Liangyoupeijiu with moderate LRI and Shanyou 63 with non-rolling leaves (normal), were simulated. The model based on ELAI could predict more accurately than that based on LAI. The PAR interception, conversion and utilization efficiency in the three combinations were studied to evaluate their optimal LRI and LAI. The PAR utilization efficiency of Liangyou E32 was lower due to excessive rolling leaves and less ELAI, and that of Shanyou 63 was also lower because of the faulty PAR interception and lower photosynthetic rate and saturation point at lower layer in canopy. Compared with the above two combinations, Liangyoupeijiu showed more appropriate distribution of PAR interception and conversion efficiency in canopy, and higher PAR utilization efficiency. The optimal LRI and LAI for Liangyoupeijiu were 0.11 and 7.6, respectively, which were close to the observed value, 0.11 and 7.9, respectively. However, the optimum LAI was 9.8 for Liangyou E32 and 6.2 for Shanyou 63, larger or smaller than those under the current plant density, which led to lower efficiency of PAR utilization. Besides, the optimum LRI for Liangyou E32 and Shanyou 63 were 0.12 and 0.08, respectively, which were close to the actual LRI for Liangyoupeijiu (0.11).     

Impact of luxuriant aquatic plants on thermal convection in a closed water body

The attenuation of heat flux at the water surface with aquatic plants was examined by hydraulic experiments to consider the influence of aquatic plants on the magnitude of thermal disturbance in the closed water body. First of all, the experiment measuring temperatures on surface of leaf revealed the thermal conductivity of the leaf which is peculiar physicality of each aquatic plant. Then, the hydraulic experiment examined attenuation of the underwater illuminance and the heat flux in the covered part which depending on the kind and the luxuriant density of the aquatic plants. As the result, it is clarified that the attenuation rate of the illuminance is large in the plant with a thick leaf, and that the heat flux at the water surface and the developmental velocity of the mixed layer decreased when the luxuriant density of the aquatic plants increased.     

Interactions between leaf lifespan and defoliation frequency in temperate and tropical pastures: a review

In continuously stocked swards or pastures the frequency at which individual tillers and individual leaves are defoliated by ruminant livestock, relative to leaf lifespan of the grass species within the sward, determines the proportion of each leaf defoliated before senescence, and hence the efficiency of harvesting of herbage. In this paper, sets of data obtained in a range of climatic conditions and with a range of grass species are used in order to document this relationship. It is shown that the frequency of defoliation of individual tillers or individual leaves is closely linked to the average stocking density used within a period of time for maintaining a steady state sward or pasture height, herbage mass or leaf area index. Consequently, any decrease in herbage growth rate should lead to a decrease in the efficiency of harvesting of herbage and then to a more than proportional decrease in total herbage consumption by ruminant livestock. These effects will be more important for grass species having short leaf lifespan than for species with long lifespan. In rotational stocking, the link between herbage growth rate and frequency of defoliation of leaves can be broken by controlling the grazing interval, so any decrease in herbage growth would not be systematically associated with a decrease in efficiency of harvesting of herbage. Rotational stocking should be more efficient than continuous stocking in low herbage production conditions, while in high herbage production systems rotational and continuous stocking would have similar efficiency. The implications of these conclusions for the management of swards and pastures to meet different objectives are discussed briefly.     

大豆肥田机制的研究Ⅰ.大豆生育过程中新老根系的更替

通过三种研究方法,证实了大豆从苗期开始已有老根不断腐解和新根不断生出的更替现象。通过方格差值法,在大豆生产期中进行五次测定,结果证明,６－８月之间大豆在田间每０．０１７５ｍ＾３,５０ｃｍ深度至少有１１３０．６ｍ根长和２５５．６个根瘤在土壤中生存和更替过,文中对大豆根系更替原因做了初步的分析。     

吉林省玉米高产区高产高效栽培技术与生育生理指标研究——第二报 耐密型玉米增产原因分析与公顷产量11250kg高产群体主要生育生理指标

在良好栽培条件下,玉米品种的产量水平在公顷4.5万株稀植时,主要是由配合力决定的,而在公顷6.0万株密植时耐密性又成为主要影响因素.耐密性是一个综合性状.耐密性强(或耐密型)玉米,是以较高配合力为前提的,不仅株型紧凑、而且还具有秆强、根系发达、结实性好、易抓苗、植株整齐度高等特点.耐密型玉米适于密植的根本原因是耐密性强.公顷11000～12000kg 高产群体,由于品种的繁茂程度、光合效率以及经济系数有差异,其主要数量指标为总光合势316.4～439.2万m²·日/ha,最大叶面积系数4.25～5.53,净同化率5.76～7.55g/m²·日,经济系数0.496～0.549.籽粒灌浆初期穗位处由间透光率22.8%～25.6%,近地面处8%～10%.     

播期和密度对镇麦168农艺和品质性状的影响

为探寻小麦新品种镇麦168高产优质栽培的适宜播期与密度,通过二因素随机区组试验,分析了播期和密度对该品种农艺和品质性状的影响。结果表明,播期和密度对镇麦168的产量、部分农艺和品质性状均有影响。随着播期的推迟,产量、面团形成时间和稳定时间、湿面筋含量均呈现先升后降趋势;适当控制密度可协调有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,进而提高产量,同时可增加面团稳定时间、籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量。在本试验条件下,该品种优质高产适宜播期和种植密度分别为10月31日和270万株·hm^-2。