美仁牦牛肉不同部位常规营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸测定分析

摘 要：选取放牧条件下体况良好、体重相近的甘南成年美仁公牦牛 6 头、母牦牛 4头进行屠宰,采取美仁牦牛肉的肩甲、背最长肌、股二头肌三个部位的分割肉。测定不同部位营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸。 结果显示：不同部位美仁牦牛肉的蛋白质含量为22.97%～23.07%,其中股二头肌蛋白质含量最低,背最长肌最高;脂肪含量为1.27%～2.49%,股二头肌脂肪脂肪含量较低,不足1.27%。氨基酸含量丰富,脂肪酸总量依次为肩甲、背最长肌、股二头肌上脑肉。通过对比分析不同部位美仁牦牛肉中营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸等含量存在差异。     

剩余污泥腐植酸的提取和对作物幼苗建成的影响

为解决IHSS （国际腐植酸协会）推荐法提取剩余污泥腐植酸参数不明确和剩余污泥腐植酸提取研究中缺乏其毒性效应评价等问题,利用响应曲面法得到剩余污泥腐植酸提取的最佳条件,并分析了腐植酸理化特性及其对作物幼苗建成的影响。结果表明,腐植酸提取的最佳条件：碱浓度为0.19 mol·L^-1,碱泥比（mL∶g）为11.6,振荡时间为3.8 h,提取量为96.1 mg·g^-1。相较于推荐法的腐植酸提取量增加了118%。提取所得腐植酸的元素分析显示,O/C为0.84,H/C为0.14,C/N为4.43;傅里叶变换红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,剩余污泥腐植酸存在羧基、醇羟基和酚羟基等含氧官能团,重均分子量为8 856 Da。此外,在500 mg·L^-1施用条件下,该腐植酸对大白菜和萝卜种子发芽率和子叶光合色素含量均无显著影响,而对大白菜种子胚根伸长具有显著促进作用。综上,通过优化提取条件可显著提高腐植酸提取量,剩余污泥腐植酸腐殖化程度与芳香化程度均较高,分子量较小,生物活性较强,且低浓度下对作物早期生长无不良影响。     

饲养密度和硫辛酸对肉鸡血清指标、行为及骨骼发育的影响

本试验旨在研究高饲养密度条件下饲粮中添加硫辛酸(LA)对肉鸡血清指标、行为及骨骼发育的影响.试验选取健康状况良好、体重相近的1530只21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,随机分成3组,即常规饲养密度组(ND组,15只/m2,饲喂基础饲粮)、高饲养密度组(HD组,18只/m2,饲喂基础饲粮)和高饲养密度+LA组(HD+LA组,...     

当归药材与土壤中无机元素及其指标性成分相关性分析

目的：研究当归与种植土壤中无机元素及其指标性成分间的相关性,为当归微量无机施肥和种植土地选择提供参考。方法：收集40份不同样地当归药材样本及相应土壤样本,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉含量,采用原子荧光法测定汞、砷含量,采用原子火焰分光光度法测定铜含量,其余元素均采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定,应用HPLC法测定藁本内酯、阿魏酸含量,数据采用SPSS11.5软件进行多元统计分析。结果：当归药材中砷（As）元素与其藁苯内酯、阿魏酸含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.333、0.246;当归药材中Cu、K、Mn、Pb与土壤中Cu、K、Mn、Pb含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.596、0.812、-0.720、0.735,表明当归中Cu、K、Pb的含量随栽培土壤中含量的增高而增高,Mn在土壤中不易被当归吸收。结论：当归对Pb、Cu元素可过度吸收,应选择Pb、Cu含量较低的土地栽培当归,否则富含这两种金属的土地可导致生产药材中这两种金属元素含量超标;药材因与土壤中Mn元素含量呈负相关,对于当归生长需要的微量元素Mn,应采用叶面施肥,不宜在根部施用;砷元素与提高当归品质的相关性需田间施肥实验进一步证明。     

茉莉酸甲酯与水杨酸对光温敏雄性不育小麦颖花开闭的调控

为探索雄性不育小麦小花颖壳开闭人工调控的有效途径,将离体穗或连体穗用茉莉酸甲酯(Methyljasmonate,MeJA)或水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)溶液浸穗,研究了MeJA与SA对光温敏雄性不育小麦BS366(Triticum aestivum L.)颖花开闭的诱导效应.结果表明,0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol/L MeJA均可显著诱导BS366离体穗开颖,并且诱导效应随浓度的增加而增强;1.0、2.0、4.0 mmol/L MeJA诱导的开颖率无显著差异,三者在处理后12 h内可诱导大部分的小花开颖,并且对低结实率的诱导效应更明显.适播(自交结实率为0%)的BS366对MeJA响应速度起初略快于晚播(自交结实率为7%),之后适播的BS366开颖率的增长呈先慢后快的变化,晚播的BS366则呈先快后慢的变化.4.0 mmol/L MeJA亦可显著诱导田间连体穗开颖,MeJA处理后第1 d和第5 d人工授粉的结实率达80.4%和91.3%,表明MeJA处理对雌蕊无副作用.5.0和10.0 mmol/L的SA对MeJA诱导离体麦穗开颖的效应有明显的抑制效应,而2.0 mmol/L的SA没有抑制效应;各浓度的SA均能显著促进经MeJA诱导开颖的小花闭颖,5.0和10.0 mmol/L SA的效应更为明显.     

近红外光谱分析法测定菜籽油中芥酸的含量

采用多通道PDA型近红外光谱仪,应用偏最小二乘法建立了菜籽油中芥酸含量与近红外透射光谱的校正模型,讨论多项式求导及平滑的窗口宽度和相关系数法筛选有效波长对校正模型的影响,并对10个预测集样品利用预测相关系数R_p和预测均方根误差RMSEP指标进行了预测精度分析,结果发现：在使用全谱数据进行偏最小二乘回归建模时,一阶7点求导及平滑的预处理方法结果最佳,此时建模效果为：R_p=0.739,RMSEP=1.659;在此基础上通过相关系数法筛选波长后的建模效果为：R_p=0.958,RMSEP=0.963。后者R_p提高29%,RMSEP减少42%。由此可得出多项式求导及平滑法和相关系数法相结合对校正模型稳健性,预测精度都有较大提高的结论。研究证明：多通道近红外光谱仪快速测测菜籽油中芥酸含量的方法是可行的。     

外加盐对凉粉草胶溶液的耐盐性和分子链刚性度的影响

在有盐环境下贮藏和加工凉粉草胶必须了解其多糖分子对盐的敏感性,该文绘制了凉粉草胶多糖在不同离子强度NaCl、KCl、MgCl₂和CaCl₂溶液中的Huggins'图,分别计算其分子链在这4种离子溶液中的耐盐度S、链刚性度B等值,结果发现：凉粉草胶多糖在4种离子溶液中,其耐盐性由强到弱的顺序为:K⁺>Na⁺>Mg⁺⁺>Ca⁺⁺,其分子链的构象在4种离子溶液中由柔到刚的顺序为:K⁺>Na⁺>Mg⁺⁺>Ca⁺⁺,这说明凉粉草胶多糖适合在KCl溶液中贮藏和加工。与其他多糖分子链在NaCl溶液中的B值比较后发现,凉粉草胶多糖的分子链构象较海藻酸钠要刚,较黄原胶要柔,这说明凉粉草胶比黄原胶更适合在NaCl溶液中贮藏和加工。     

2,4-表油菜素内酯和生长素促进大麦胚芽鞘伸长生长的协同作用

以大麦胚芽鞘为材料,研究了生长素吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic ac id,IAA)和2,4表油菜素内酯(2,4-ep ibras-sinolide,ep iBR)对胚芽鞘伸长的影响。结果表明:200μmol.L-1IAA和1μmol.L-1ep iBR在黑暗条件下均促进大麦胚芽鞘的伸长生长,而且在该过程中二者存在协同作用,但必须是在IAA之前施用ep iBR或两者共同处理时才能表现;100 mg.L-12,3,5三碘苯甲酸(2,3,5-triiodobenzoic ac id,TIBA)能抑制ep iBR诱导的胚芽鞘伸长生长,暗示IAA的极性运输是ep iBR促进大麦胚芽鞘伸长生长所必需的;内源激素分析表明,ep iBR处理后胚芽鞘内源IAA含量上升,暗示ep iBR对大麦胚芽鞘伸长的促进作用在一定程度上通过调控内源IAA的水平起作用。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

腐殖酸复合生物肥对日光温室番茄增产增收效果的影响

为验证腐殖酸复合生物肥在日光温室番茄上的施用增产效果,选用液体冲施型腐殖酸复合生物肥,采用多处理随机区组试验,结果表明:常用肥+腐殖酸生物肥配施追肥与常用肥单施追肥比较,番茄的植物学性状、产量及经济效益均存在显著差异,常用肥+腐殖酸生物肥配合追施产量高达8697.62kg·(667 m2)-1,较常用肥单施追肥增产671.01kg·(667 m2)-1,增产率8.36%,收益达20544.28元/667m2,增收1580.4元/667m2,增加8.33%,增产增收效果明显,适宜在温室番茄生产上推广应用。