有棱丝瓜种植密度的研究

对有棱丝瓜品种雅绿二号春植进行6种种植密度的试验结果表明,种植密度对产量有明显的影响,以1 110株/667 m2的种植密度下产量、产值最高,栽培效果最好。     

冬瓜 WRKY 基因家族鉴定及表达分析

【目的】WRKY转录因子家族在植物生长发育、抵御胁迫等过程起着至关重要的作用。挖掘参与冬瓜（Benincasa hispida Cogn.）非生物胁迫的WRKY基因家族成员,探究其生物学功能。【方法】基于冬瓜基因组数据库鉴定冬瓜WRKY成员,利用生物信息学的方法系统分析其WRKY基因家族成员的蛋白理化性质、系统发育、保守基序、顺式作用元件,通过qPCR分析冬瓜WRKY的表达情况。【结果】冬瓜WRKY基因家族有57个成员,氨基酸数目在126～650之间,相对分子质量在13.92～71.68 kD之间;蛋白等电点在4.61～9.69之间。根据系统进化树将该家族分为3个类群,第二类群又分为5个亚组。冬瓜WRKY外显子有2～6个。染色体定位分析发现,有56个基因定位在12条染色体上,1个基因未定位在染色体上。保守基序分析显示,Motif 1和Motif 3存在于56个基因,且同一类群具有类似的保守基序结构。同时,冬瓜WRKY基因的启动子上均含有应激反应相关元件、激素响应元件。WRKY在冬瓜不同组织和果实发育时期特异表达。RT-PCR结果表明非生物胁迫和激素处理冬瓜可诱导部分WRKY基因的表达。...     

氮磷钾配合施用对冬瓜产量和品质的影响

采用三因子五水平正交旋转组合设计,研究了氮、磷、钾与冬瓜产量和固形物含量的关系。结果显示,在本试验条件下,氮、磷、钾与冬瓜产量和固形物含量呈曲线相关,一定范围内施用能显著提高冬瓜产量和固形物含量,效应大小为氮>钾>磷;氮钾间存在显著的互作关系。最佳施肥量为667 m2施纯N 31~33 kg、P2O517~21 kg、K2O 29~32 kg。     

黄瓜嫁接砧木用南瓜新品种‘绿洲天使’

 ‘绿洲天使’是由引自日本的南瓜自交系‘98-6-2-1-3-1-2-2’与引自印度的南瓜自交系‘99-12-2-4-1-1-3’配制而成的黄瓜砧木用南瓜新品种。该品种嫁接亲和力好, 嫁接苗抗枯萎病能力强, 耐低温弱光能力好, 产量高, 嫁接黄瓜品质优良, 适宜全国各地日光温室、大棚及露地黄瓜嫁接栽培。     

苦瓜主要经济性状的遗传及其与环境互作效应

 利用加性-显性与环境互作遗传模型, 分析了7个苦瓜亲本及其21个F1代在春、秋两个栽培 季节8个经济性状的数据, 估算了各项遗传方差分量。结果表明, 单株前期产量(单株前产) 、单瓜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚和果形指数等6 个性状主要由加性效应控制, 加性方差的比率分别为45.2%、70.7%、89.4%、38.1%、41.2%和22.0% , 均达极显著水平; 单株产量和单株结果数则以加性×环境效应占优势(加性×环境方差的比率分别为24.5%和38.1% ) 。除单株结果数外, 其余性状的普通狭义遗传率和普通广义遗传率均达到极显著水平; 单株结果数的互作狭义和互作广义遗传率最高, 也达到了极显著水平。     

Sap flow in ‘Hass’ avocado trees on two clonal rootstocks in relation to xylem anatomy

The rates of sap flow and xylem vessel features were studied in two-year-old nongrafted and grafted avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Daily sap flow rates were measured with heat and balance stem gauges in clonal Duke 7 (D7) and Toro Canyon (TC) trees and ‘Hass’ clonal scions grafted onto clonal D7 (H/D7) and TC (H/TC) rootstocks. Vessel features as size, number and total vessel area were determined histologically in the stem of the scion and rootstock and the roots of the grafted trees. Significant differences in the sap flow rate were found among the rootstocks, where D7 had a 29% higher sap flow rate than did TC (grafted and nongrafted trees). There were no differences among xylem vessel features in the stems of any of the varieties. However in the roots, D7 had wider and fewer vessels then TC do. Also, D7 had a 19% higher total vessel area than TC. These results suggest that the differences in water consumption of ‘Hass’ on different rootstocks may be associated with differences in the efficiency of the roots to absorb water across conductive tissue which may be linked to differences in the area of xylem vessels in the root.     

Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks

Seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of Eastern Gansu province, China, were evaluated to screen cold-resistant rootstocks in Lanzhou area. After 14-year investigation two selections of LDP-191and LDP-294 were screened as rootstocks for two table grape cultivars, ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Red Globe’, respectively. The two graft unions demonstrated very high cold-resistance as well as good graft compatibility. Furthermore, they could survive through low temperatures in winter without soil coverage together with good fruit quality of the cultivars grafted.     

半根供铁对苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响

利用分根技术在水培条件下研究了半根供铁对苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,一半根系供铁不仅未影响植株对铁营养的需求,甚至在处理初期植株的铁吸收总量和铁吸收速率还略有提高。一半根系供铁苹果砧木小金海堂和山定子叶片活性铁质量分数均未降低,而且与对照相比无叶片黄化的现象。因此,通过半根供铁的方式来改善苹果砧木幼苗的生长,为进一步研究砧木缺铁适应性反应的调控部位打下基础,也为今后缺铁的矫正和提高铁素利用效率提供了一条新的思路。     

南方根结线虫侵染对不同砧木嫁接冬瓜生长的影响

为了明确南方根结线虫对不同南瓜砧木嫁接冬瓜苗生长发育的影响,以期为冬瓜生产筛选抗根结线虫砧木品种,促进产业可持续发展。本文采用人工接种南方根结线虫,研究比较了‘海砧1号’、‘海砧2号’和‘银龙黄籽’3种南瓜砧木的冬瓜嫁接苗及冬瓜自根苗的抗性水平及植株生物量的差异。结果表明：不同南瓜砧木冬瓜嫁接苗和自根苗的病情指数、根结指数、卵粒指数和繁殖指数均随着生育期延长而不断升高,抗性水平发生不同程度变化;以‘海砧2号’为砧木的嫁接苗在全生育期均表现为抗病,以‘海砧1号’和‘银龙黄籽’为砧木的嫁接苗表现为高感,‘清远黑皮冬瓜’自根苗表现为感病。在茎叶鲜重和单果鲜重方面,生长中后期以‘海砧2号’为砧木的嫁接苗显著高于以‘海砧1号’和‘银龙黄籽’为砧木的嫁接苗以及‘清远黑皮冬瓜’自根苗,但与未接种的‘清远黑皮冬瓜’自根苗无显著差异。研究结果证实,南方根结线虫明显抑制了感病砧木冬瓜嫁接苗的生长和产量,对抗病砧木嫁接苗无明显影响。     

用矮化中间砧苹果树建园的几点建议

利用矮化中间砧进行苹果树栽培是目前生产的方向,莲择抗逆性强的矮化砧木进行适地适栽,选用优质大苗建园,根据栽植密度、砧木类型和立地条件选择相应树形,以达到早产优质高效的栽培目标。该文针对建园中存在的主要问题,提出建议,供苹果园建园参考。