母貂体重体长与产仔数的多元回归分析

对94只母貂的体重(x1),体长(x2),管围(x3)与其产仔数(y)采用相关分析及多元回归分析,建立了产仔数的估测模型^y=1.666-0.005x1+0.332x2,经检验此模型的适合度,回归系数和复相关系数均差异显著(P<0.05)。模型预测效果良好,为准备配种期母貂的体况调整提供了科学的参考依据。     

Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling

Pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter spp. have been implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning in the UK and elsewhere. Domestic animals and wildlife are important reservoirs for both of these agents, and cross-contamination from faeces is believed to be responsible for many human outbreaks. Appropriate parameterisation of quantitative microbial-risk models requires representative data at all levels of the food chain. Our focus in this paper is on the early stages of the food chain-specifically, sampling issues which arise at the farm level. We estimated animal–pathogen prevalence from faecal-pat samples using a Bayesian method which reflected the uncertainties inherent in the animal-level prevalence estimates. (Note that prevalence here refers to the percentage of animals shedding the bacteria of interest). The method offers more flexibility than traditional, classical approaches: it allows the incorporation of prior belief, and permits the computation of a variety of distributional and numerical summaries, analogues of which often are not available through a classical framework. The Bayesian technique is illustrated with a number of examples reflecting the effects of a diversity of assumptions about the underlying processes. The technique appears to be both robust and flexible, and is useful when defecation rates in infected and uninfected groups are unequal, where population size is uncertain, and also where the microbiological-test sensitivity is imperfect. We also investigated the determination of the sample size necessary for determining animal-level prevalence from pat samples to within a pre-specified degree of accuracy.     

Comparisons of 3‐, 2‐Dimensional,and M‐Mode Echocardiographical Methods for Estimation of Left Chamber Volumes in Dogs with and without Acquired Heart Disease

Background: Real‐time 3‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3D) is a recent technique based on volumetric scanning, eliminating the need for geometric modeling of the cardiac chambers and minimizing the errors caused by foreshortened views. Hypothesis: Estimations of left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic (EDV) and end‐systolic volume (ESV), and left atrial (LA) size, differ depending on the echocardiographic technique of estimation. Animals: Fifty‐one dogs with acquired heart disease and 34 healthy control dogs. Methods: Prospective observational study by M‐mode (Teichholz method), Simpson's modified 2‐dimensional (2D) method, and RT3D methods for estimation of LV volumes. LA size was evaluated by 2D and RT3D methods. Results: RT3D showed good agreement with 2D for EDV and ESV, whereas Teichholz method overestimated LV volumes in comparison with the other 2 methods by approximately a factor 2. There were no statistically significant differences among the 3 methods in estimating ejection fraction. Comparison between RT3D assessment of LA end‐systolic volume per kilogram (LAs/kg) and LA to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) measured by 2D relative to each other showed that the RT3D method underestimated LAs/kg at lower values, and overestimated it at higher values. The difference between methods increased with increasing LA size. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There was good agreement between RT3D and 2D methods of estimating EDV and ESV, whereas the Teichholz method overestimated LV volumes by approximately a factor 2. In comparison with RT3D, LA/Ao underestimated LA size, especially when LA was enlarged.     

绵羊SPP1和PLCB3基因多态性与产羔数的关联分析

试验旨在探究SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点多态性、PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点多态性与绵羊产羔数之间的关系,以期寻找绵羊产羔数性状相关的分子标记.利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY?SNP技术对多羔羊(小尾寒羊、湖羊、策勒黑羊)和单羔羊(滩羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊和草原...     

饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响。以初始体重为(41.4±0.3)mg的拟穴青蟹仔蟹为试验对象,分别投喂糖脂比为0.54、0.88、1.39、2.08和3.50的等氮(约44%)等能(约19.5 MJ/kg)饲料3周。结果表明:1)饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的终末平均体重(FABW)、成活率(SR)、增重率(WGR)以及特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料糖脂比的增大,拟穴青蟹仔蟹的FABW、SR、WGR以及SGR均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且均是糖脂比1.39试验组最高,显著高于糖脂比0.54和3.50试验组(P0.05)。2)饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P0.05),而对粗脂肪含量的影响显著(P0.05),糖脂比0.54试验组的脂肪含量最高,显著高于糖脂比2.08和3.50试验组(P0.05)。3)饲料糖脂比对拟穴青蟹仔蟹的淀粉酶活性没有显著影响(P0.05),但显著影响蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。随着饲料糖脂比的增大,蛋白酶活性呈先增大后减小的趋势,脂肪酶活性呈降低的趋势,糖脂比1.39试验组的蛋白酶活性显著高于其他试验组(P0.05),糖脂比0.54和0.88试验组的脂肪酶活性显著高于糖脂比2.08和3.50试验组(P0.05)。以增长率为评价指标,经回归分析得出拟穴青蟹仔蟹饲料的适宜糖脂比为2.07。     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.     

引进三眠蚕诱导技术生产超细纤度生丝的试验及其开发意见

安徽金寨县引进三眠蚕诱导技术生产超细纤度生丝 ,并就开发生产超细纤度生丝提出建议意见     

上海无居民海岛潮间带沉积物粒径特性研究

利用激光粒度仪对上海无居民岛30个表层沉积物样品进行粒度特征分析,研究区域的6个无居民岛的沉积物类型共有5类,其分布为粉砂在九段沙、东风西沙、黄瓜沙和青草沙;砂在青草沙和顾园沙;粉砂质砂在扁担沙和青草沙;砂质粉砂在青草沙;粘土质粉砂在黄瓜沙。其中粉砂类沉积物分布最广。沉积物呈现分选系数差,偏态均为正偏,窄峰型的特征。由于研究区域处于长江口,丰富的流域来沙,特别是大量的细颗粒泥沙为潮滩的建造提供了充裕的物质来源;而复杂的径流、潮流和风浪的作用,则成为了塑造潮滩的重要动力条件。通过绘制Pejurp三角图式显示,无居民岛样品均处于在Ⅲ、Ⅳ动力区,水动力条件总体上较强,粒径较粗。除顾园沙外由海向岸(由低潮滩到高潮滩),水动力逐渐减弱,沉积物颗粒逐渐变细,砂的含量逐渐减少,粘土和粉砂的含量逐渐增多。研究亮点:对上海无居民岛潮间带沉积物进行了粒径特性的分析,结果显示沉积物分布以粉砂为主,分选性差,正偏,呈窄峰型,通过绘制Pejurp三角图式,表明研究区域总体水动力较强,并根据各无居民岛的环境特征分析其不同的沉积动力环境。