Influence of edible fruit coatings on Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) oviposition and development

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a highly invasive vinegar fly recently detected in the United States that severely threatens the viability of soft skinned fruit production. Insecticides mitigate some of this damage, but alternative methods to manage D. suzukii infestation are needed. We tested three edible coatings to determine if they could prevent or reduce oviposition by D. suzukii females or affect immature survivorship and development in two important host crops, blueberry and raspberry. None of the coatings prevented oviposition, but some reduced the number of eggs laid. Two carnauba wax-based coatings, PrimaFresh 45 and Raynox, dramatically reduced survivorship of immature D. suzukii in raspberries, but not in blueberries. Our results suggest that obtaining thorough, even coverage in the field will be essential if edible coatings are to be used as a management strategy for D. suzukii.     

越橘新品种“禾韵1号”选育报告

“禾韵1号”是由美国引入的越橘中选出,属半高丛类型.果实中晚熟,在吉林地区7月下旬至8月上旬成熟,扁圆形,被白色果粉,呈蓝色,平均单果质量1.96 g,品质佳.结果枝条上呈串状结果,果穗紧密.抗病力和抗寒力强,丰产性好.适宜于吉林省土壤pH4.5～5.5、冬季绝对低温不低于-35℃(简易防寒)、无霜期110 d以上、≥10℃年有效积温2 300℃以上的地区引种试栽.     

-1℃贮藏下不同品种设施蓝莓果实耐储特性的比较

以天津蓟州区8个蓝莓品种为试材,通过-1℃下贮藏70 d内果实8项指标的变化,研究了不同蓝莓品种的耐贮性。结果表明:各指标显著下降时的贮藏天数分别为果实硬度贮藏至第14天,维生素C和花青素含量贮藏至第35天,好果率和可溶性糖含量贮藏至第42天。说明果实硬度最先下降。可溶性固形物、总酚和类黄酮含量均呈先增加后下降。贮藏70 d后,各品种的好果率逐渐下降,但都在80%以上;硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量下降了20%~49%、7%~36%、18%~41%;维生素C、总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量分别下降了28%~53%、6%~40%、29%~74%、20%~54%。"布里吉塔"的各项指标均最高(除类黄酮外),"蓝金"的类黄酮最高。隶属函数综合分析显示耐贮性由高到低依次为"布里吉塔">"蓝金">"莱克西"="北陆"="蓝丰"="瑞卡">"奥尼尔">"伯克利"。     

越橘新品种‘北华1号’

‘北华1号’是从美国引进的北高丛越橘中选出的新品种。果实近圆形,蓝紫色,披白粉,果柄长8.7 mm,平均单果质量2.08 g,果实长径1.57 cm,短径1.21 cm,可溶性固形物含量11.6%,总糖7.82%,酸度0.28%,维生素C含量0.27 mg·g-1,维生素B1含量11.6μg·g-1,花青素含量1.52 mg·g-1,花青素清除DPPH自由基的清除率93.12%,出汁率73.5%。中早熟,在长白山区8月上旬果实成熟。具有抗寒、抗病、丰产、稳产的优点。适宜吉林省东部长白山区栽培。     

植物激活蛋白可湿性粉剂调节蓝莓生长试验

以不同浓度的植物激活蛋白可湿性粉剂处理露地栽植的4个蓝莓品种,进行产量和抗病性的调查。结果表明:通过植物激活蛋白处理后,不同品种蓝莓的产量和抗病性均有不同程度的提高,其中小区试验喷施稀释800倍液植物激活蛋白效果较好。说明植物激活蛋白可湿性粉剂对促进蓝莓生长发育,改善其品质和提高产量,具有一定作用。     

不同限根方式对蓝莓生长及果实品质的影响

以3年生蓝莓品种"久比利"(‘Jubilee’)为试材,以无纺布育苗袋、PVC控根器、砖槽和普通塑料盆为限根容器,研究不同限根方式对蓝莓生长和果实品质的影响,以期为开展规模化蓝莓限根栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:与对照相比,限根栽培不同程度抑制了蓝莓植株地上部的营养生长和根系的生长构成,减小单株植物占地面积,增加单位面积栽培数量。限根栽培促进果实糖分积累,降低可滴定酸含量,提高了产量和品质。试验结果还表明,过小的栽培容积会使植物营养供应不足,根系无法得到伸展,大量缠绕在盆壁内侧。另外,栽培容器材质的透水性、透气性也至关重要。综上所述,初步筛选出40 cm×35 cm无纺布育苗袋、35 cm×35 cm PVC控根器适合进行蓝莓限根生产。     

不同品种兔眼越橘花粉超微结构与营养成分的观察分析

为探索越橘花粉稔性与超微结构及营养成分的关系,以灿烂、园蓝、粉蓝、杰兔和顶峰5个兔眼越橘品种的花粉为试材,运用透射电镜观察花粉结构及测定了花粉营养成分。结果表明,越橘花粉结构中,内膜系统清晰可见,发育程度因品种而异。花前的花粉细胞核仁较大,蛋白质合成旺盛。通过花粉超微结构与营养成分间关系的分析比较表明,花粉壁的厚度、花粉细胞的蛋白质含量与花粉的萌发率没有相关性。花粉细胞的全糖和脯氨酸含量与花粉发芽率有正相关趋势。内质网发育程度与蛋白质含量呈正相关趋势。     

土壤改良对越桔生长的影响

在盆栽条件下,对生长越桔的土壤进行改良。通过土壤pH值的变化、生长量及相关指标的分析对比,获得适合越桔生长的土壤改良类型。试验研究表明,pH值4.0～5.0的苔藓 草炭 原土 S土壤改良类型适合于越桔的生长,植株的高度、粗度、基生枝数等都明显增加。从各指标上观察,原土 2S的土壤改良类型也具有一定优势,说明在土壤有机质充足的基础上,只需调酸,越桔就能正常生长。     

半高丛越橘果实香气成分的GC—MS分析

采用静态顶空和气相色谱—质谱联用技术,以半高丛越橘品种北陆、圣云和北蓝为材料,研究了半高丛越橘果实香气成分。结果表明,半高丛越橘以醇类、酯类、萜类和酮类物质为主。共检测出39种挥发性成分,其中北陆检测出16种,圣云17种,北蓝23种。2-甲基丁酸乙酯和β-芳樟醇是半高丛越橘的特征香气,构成了半高丛越橘特有的香气,同时乙酸丁酯、2-丁酮、D-柠檬酸为北陆的特征香气,丁酸乙酯、2-丁酮为圣云的特征香气,丁酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、己醛为北蓝的特征香气成分,品种间特征香气的差异形成了半高丛越橘品种间独特的风味。     

Characterization of Pilot Scale Processed Canadian Organic Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Juice Pressing Residues and Phenolic-Enriched Extractives

This work examined the processing yields, physico-chemical characteristics, and bioactive properties of Canadian organic cranberry and blueberry pomace and phenolic-enriched extractives. The ethanol extracts from each berry contained three to four times the soluble solids and sugar contents compared to the pomace. The lipid content of organic cranberry pomace (4.44%), cranberry ethanol extractives (3.86%), and blueberry ethanol extractives (4.44%) were significantly lower than the lipid content of the organic blueberry pomace (5.42%). The organic blueberry pomace showed higher protein content (8.41%) than organic cranberry pomace (5.76%); however, both organic cranberry and blueberry ethanol extracts showed similarly low protein contents. Significant differences were observed in the mineral and elemental contents of both pomaces and their extractives. Total phenolics, tartaric esters, flavonols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activities were increased by two to three times in both organic cranberry and blueberry ethanol extracts compared to their respective pomaces. The major anthocyanins detected in organic blueberry pomace and ethanol extracts were peonidin 3-glucoside, malvidin 3-galactoside, malvidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-arabinoside. Peonidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-arabinoside, and peonidin 3-arabinside were the major anthocyanins in the organic cranberry and ethanol extacts. Results indicated that cranberry and blueberry pomace could be used to develop bioactives with antioxidant activity for potential health benefit and/or bioenergy production.