夹指链式残膜回收装置的设计及试验

针对国内现有残膜回收设备残膜回收率低、残膜易缠绕收膜部件、膜杂分离困难、脱膜效果差和残膜含杂量高导致回收的残膜不能再利用等问题,设计了一种夹指链式残膜回收装置,主要由收膜装置、脱膜装置和传动系统等部分构成,收膜装置上设有夹指链和切膜圆盘,切膜圆盘将地表残膜切成带状,夹指链上的夹指将带状残膜依次从地面捡起。通过对主要工作部件的设计,确定了其结构尺寸参数,并对该装置的收膜和脱膜运动进行了分析与讨论,确定了其工作参数。田间试验表明,该回收装置在作业速度5.5 km/h、下夹指链输送倾角40°、机组前进速度与收膜链线速度之比2时,残膜回收率达90.5%,未出现残膜缠绕上链轮现象,回收的残膜含杂量少,便于后续处理和再利用,能满足残膜回收技术的要求。设计研究成果可用于研制新型残膜回收机。     

不同硬脂酸添加量下大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠膜特性研究

为改善大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的耐水性,通过添加不同添加量（0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）硬脂酸制备大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠/硬脂酸三元复合膜,探究硬脂酸对大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的机械性能、阻水性能和微观结构的影响,最终明确不同硬脂酸添加量对耐水性变化的影响规律。结果表明：与大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠二元复合膜相比,添加6%和8%硬脂酸后,复合膜的断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率显著下降,并且对其含水率及水溶性也有显著影响。当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,三元复合膜的水蒸气渗透性最低,水蒸气透过系数为（2.95±0.49） g·mm/（m²·h·kPa）,接触角最大,为91.68°±9.02°。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析可知,大豆分离蛋白和海藻酸钠通过共价交联形成网络结构,加入的硬脂酸则分布在网络结构的缝隙中,当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,膜的表面较为光滑平整,内部结构致密,能够形成良好的网络结构,键与键之间结合较强,能有效提高复合膜的阻水性能。     

黑色高光生漆涂料的制备工艺及性能研究

为了研究黑色高光生漆涂料的各项性能,本试验选取5个产地天然生漆与调制黑料按不同比例混合和调制,以搭配比例、干燥温度与湿度为变量,对生漆涂料的干燥时间、物理机械性能、耐温及耐化学腐蚀性能进行测定,通过正交优化和多因素方差分析,各因素的影响程度为湿度≥温度≥含量≥搭配比例,在1 kg含量为71％的生漆搭配50％的黑料和2.02的助剂,调制出的黑色高光生漆涂料在温度为25℃、湿度85％时干燥时间最短为22.6h.与传统推光漆的性能进行比较,干燥时间变短,性能更加优越.     

水肥液膜配合对玉米生物学特性及水分利用效率的影响

玉米节水节肥高产研究对保障粮食安全具有重要现实意义,本研究供试玉米品种为‘郑单958’,采用旱棚盆栽试验,研究液膜覆盖、灌水与施肥对夏玉米生物学特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在欠水条件(200mm)与贫水条件(300mm)下,液膜覆盖促进夏玉米生长发育的效果显著,L3水平(液膜45kg/hm~2)玉米株高和叶面积指数比L1水平(无液膜)分别增加了33.88%,36.07%,产量增加53.77%,20.76%;平水(400mm)、丰水条件(500mm)下,夏玉米株高、茎粗与叶面积指数在全生育期均高于欠水、贫水处理,并且产量显著高于欠水、贫水处理,水、肥、液膜对夏玉米生物学特性及产量的影响为:W(水分)F(施肥)L(液膜);以C11(W3F3L1)处理玉米茎粗、叶面积指数、产量均为最高,分别为20.2mm,5.86,148.83g/pot。综上,在缺水条件下,喷施液态膜可提高玉米水分利用效率,最高达28.18kg/(mm·hm~2);水分充足时夏玉米高产高效的最优方案为:W3(400mm)+F3(N-P-K:180-120-135kg/hm~2)+L1(液膜0kg/hm~2)。     

太湖梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属生物可利用性及生态风险评价

[目的]研究太湖梅梁湾沉积物中重金属的污染状况和生态风险。[方法]对重金属总量和生物有效浓度进行了分析,采用发光细菌法进行了沉积物毒性研究,并对重金属环境风险进行了评价。[结果]梅梁湾沉积物中Cr处于无污染状态,Zn、Cu、Pb和Ni属于轻度污染水平。DGT测定的有效态浓度和释放通量结果表明,Ni、Zn和Cu的生物可利用性高于Cd和Pb。发光细菌毒性测试和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评价也表明,梅梁湾沉积物不具有生物毒性,属于低生态风险。[结论]需对梅梁湾沉积物中的Ni污染进行控制。     

Chitosan-Based Films with 2-Aminothiophene Derivative: Formulation,Characterization and Potential Antifungal Activity

In this study, films of chitosan and 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (6CN), a 2-aminothiophene derivative with great pharmacological potential, were prepared as a system for a topical formulation. 6CN-chitosan films were characterized by physicochemical analyses, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the antifungal potential of the films was evaluated in vitro against three species of Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis). The results of the FTIR and thermal analysis showed the incorporation of 6CN in the polymer matrix. In the diffractogram, the 6CN-chitosan films exhibited diffraction halos that were characteristic of amorphous structures, while the micrographs showed that 6CN particles were dispersed in the chitosan matrix, exhibiting pores and cracks on the film surface. In addition, the results of antifungal investigation demonstrated that 6CN-chitosan films were effective against Candida species showing potential for application as a new antifungal drug.     

聚乙烯醇共混改性膜作为农药种衣剂成膜剂的性能研究

以水溶性聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)和水不溶性聚合物乙酸乙烯-乙烯共聚物(VAE)乳液为原料,采用溶液共混法制备了PVA-VAE共混膜,为农药成膜剂的制备开辟了新途径。红外光谱、透射电镜、激光粒度仪测试结果显示,PVA溶液中的胶束被打开,体系的比表面积急剧增大,两相间的界面消失,说明共混体系分子间具有良好的相容性;透水性与耐水性测定结果表明,PVA-VAE的质量比为80∶ 20、70∶ 30、60∶ 40时其共混膜的性能适用于农药种衣剂的成膜剂;种子发芽试验显示,与单独使用PVA膜相比,引入适当比例VAE后的共混膜用于种子包衣,其耐水性显著提高,渗水率适宜,对种子发芽无明显影响。     

论中国电影的书法审美

书法是中国最为独特的艺术形式之一,在中国电影尤其是古装影片中是必不可少的组成部分。书法在电影中一般有两种审美表现形式:一种是作为背景镜头,另一种是作为特写镜头。书法作品不仅是一种道具,它还是时代、文化、修养、人格的标志。     

Development of Eco-friendly and Non-hazardous Weed Control Technology for Lowland Rice by Smothering through LDPE Film

Intensive use of chemical herbicides and pesticides has raised serious concern about their effect on non-target organisms, plants, human bodies and the environment. Hence there is a continuous search for benign, harmless, non-hazardous and eco-friendly technology to control the growth of weeds which compete with crops for water, nutrients, light and space; thus reducing crop yield significantly. An attempt was made to control the weeds through smothering. This controls the weeds by cutting off light from the photosynthetic portion of weed plants by using black polyethylene sheets (LPDE film) which inhibit the top growth. Experiments to control the weeds in a lowland rice field through smothering were conducted in the high rainfall coastal region of eastern India wth eight treatments including smothering and conventional methods like hand/mechanical weeding and herbicides, etc. The treatment of smothering for one week + puddling + transplanting proved to be better than other conventional methods and may replace herbicide and hand/mechanical weeding totally with a better rice yield.