北京地区草坪杂草防治的初步研究

在摸清北京地区不同类型草坪中不同杂草种类的基础上，选择了一定效果的除草剂对这些优势种进行了２个生长季节的防治试验。结果表明，不同除草剂对草坪草敏感程度和防治效果不一样。在使用除草剂防治草坪杂草时一定要谨慎，否则将出现较大药害。     

The effects of the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl on litter invertebrate communities in a coastal dune invaded by Chrysanthemoides monilifera spp. rotundata

We investigated the impacts of application of the sulfonylurea herbicide, metsulfuron-methyl, on soil and litter invertebrates in coastal vegetation where the weed Chrysanthemoides monilifera has invaded. We followed changes in litter invertebrates for 125 days following treatment to investigate direct toxic and indirect effects of treatment. Overall we found no effect of treatment on abundance, taxonomic richness or composition of litter invertebrates. In general, abundance and richness declined with time in both treated and untreated sites, suggesting that climatic factors were far more important in determining invertebrate communities than the effects of the treatment. Even changes in cover of vegetation as a result of death of the weed resulted in few measurable effects on invertebrates. It is concluded that metsulfuron-methyl had no impact on invertebrate communities up to 125 days following treatment.     

Development of Eco-friendly and Non-hazardous Weed Control Technology for Lowland Rice by Smothering through LDPE Film

Intensive use of chemical herbicides and pesticides has raised serious concern about their effect on non-target organisms, plants, human bodies and the environment. Hence there is a continuous search for benign, harmless, non-hazardous and eco-friendly technology to control the growth of weeds which compete with crops for water, nutrients, light and space; thus reducing crop yield significantly. An attempt was made to control the weeds through smothering. This controls the weeds by cutting off light from the photosynthetic portion of weed plants by using black polyethylene sheets (LPDE film) which inhibit the top growth. Experiments to control the weeds in a lowland rice field through smothering were conducted in the high rainfall coastal region of eastern India wth eight treatments including smothering and conventional methods like hand/mechanical weeding and herbicides, etc. The treatment of smothering for one week + puddling + transplanting proved to be better than other conventional methods and may replace herbicide and hand/mechanical weeding totally with a better rice yield.     

Morphological disparities in the epidermal and anatomical features of the leaf among wild Brassica juncea populations

In the present article, we investigated the epidermal and anatomical features of 10 wild Brassica juncea populations with different susceptibilities to glyphosate in detail. The characteristics of the leaf surface and anatomy could affect the efficacy of glyphosate uptake in weeds through the influence of its adherence and penetration. Our results showed that herbicide-resistant wild populations generally had greater leaf thickness, adaxial cutin thickness, and trichome density in the upper epidermis, but lower spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle numbers, as compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting that differences in morphological traits among populations might contribute to their variable response to glyphosate. The possible morphological involvement in the differential susceptibility of wild B. juncea populations to glyphosate also was discussed.     

紫花苜蓿对氟乐灵除草剂的抗性试验

利用氟乐灵除草剂，在苜蓿播种前对土壤进行地下处理，灭除杂草，提高苜蓿产草量。结果表明，苜蓿幼株长势良好，氟乐灵对杂草杀灭率为９０％以上，使用氟乐灵灭草剂成本低，效果好，可在生产中推广应用。     

6种除草剂对黄河源区栽培草地中毒杂草的防治

以黄河源区果洛州玛沁县建植14年的垂穗披碱草 (Elymus nutans) 栽培草地为研究对象,针对以甘肃马先蒿 (Pedicularis kansuensis) 和黄帚橐吾 (Ligularia virgaurea) 为主的阔叶型毒杂草,选择6种除草剂及5种复配剂进行防除试验,6种除草剂为单一除草剂,即2, 4-滴丁酯(A)、使它隆(B)、龙拳(C)、阔诺(D)、刹阔(E)、苯磺隆(F) ;5种复配剂为2, 4-滴丁酯与其他除草剂的复配剂,即(A + B)、(A + C)、(A + D)、(A + E)、(A + F)。结果表明,喷施B、F、A + E除草剂不同程度地降低黄帚橐吾的高度、盖度及生物量,且F和A + E对生物量影响显著 (P < 0.05) ;A、E、F、A + B、A + C和A + F 6种除草剂显著降低了甘肃马先蒿的高度、盖度及生物量(P < 0.05);复配除草剂A + F能有效防除群落毒杂草,防除等级达到最高3级,A + E处理下牧草的盖度和生物量显著高于对照 (P < 0.05);喷施除草剂群落物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数呈下降趋势,但均匀度指数比对照略高。通过鲜重防效评价了11种处理的防除效果,结果表明,防除黄河源区栽培草地的毒杂草可选择A + E、F、A + F 3种除草剂。     

植物源农药的研究和应用进展

综述了植物源农药(包括植物源杀虫剂、植物源杀菌剂、植物源除草剂)的研究和开发应用现状。较详细地介绍了几种典型杀虫植物注要包括楝科植物、豆科鱼藤属植物、卫矛科植物)的杀虫机理和开发应用情况,并讨论了植物源杀虫剂今后研究的几个热点:生物技术在植物源杀虫剂研究中的应用;植物源光活化毒素的研究;杀虫植物资源的进一步调查研究。与植物源杀虫剂相比,植物源杀菌剂和除草剂的研究和应用要少得多。然而目前人们已经在植物体内发现许多具有杀菌、除草活性的物质,因此开发植物资源合成杀菌剂和除草剂具有巨大的潜力。     

三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆全无氯漂白的研究

通过实验探讨了三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆（卡伯值13．5，粘度851mL／g。白度37％，ISO）H2O2强化氧脱木质素（QOP）的工艺务件，在此基础上提出了QOP、QP全无氯漂白的漂序，此漂序可以把该纸浆漂至82．0％（ISO），粘度保持在716mL／g，漂后纸浆得率91．78％，而且该漂序可操作性强，是一种适合低硬度NaOH-AQ浆的全无氯漂白新工艺。     

Decolorization of kraft pulp bleaching effluent by a newly isolated fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

Kraft pulp bleaching effluent supplemented with glucose was decolorized by a newly isolated fungusGeotrichum candidum Dec 1 (Dec 1) that showed a wide decolorizing spectrum to synthetic dyes. When the glucose concentration in the effluent was 30 g/l, the color removal and the reduction of absorbable organic halogens were 78% and 43% after 7 days culture, respectively. The average molecular weight of colored substances measured by gel filtration chromatography was lowered to less than 3000 from 5600 after 7 days culture. As the contribution of extracellular enzymes such as peroxidase (DyP), manganese peroxidase, and laccase to the decolorization of the kraft pulp bleaching effluent was small, Dec 1 appears to have a different mechanism of decolorizing kraft pulp bleaching effluent when compared with enzymes used to decolorize synthetic dyes.