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21.
A. R. Khan A. K. Ghorai R. C. Srivastava S. R. Singh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,178(2):73-78
Intensive use of chemical herbicides and pesticides has raised serious concern about their effect on non-target organisms, plants, human bodies and the environment. Hence there is a continuous search for benign, harmless, non-hazardous and eco-friendly technology to control the growth of weeds which compete with crops for water, nutrients, light and space; thus reducing crop yield significantly. An attempt was made to control the weeds through smothering. This controls the weeds by cutting off light from the photosynthetic portion of weed plants by using black polyethylene sheets (LPDE film) which inhibit the top growth. Experiments to control the weeds in a lowland rice field through smothering were conducted in the high rainfall coastal region of eastern India wth eight treatments including smothering and conventional methods like hand/mechanical weeding and herbicides, etc. The treatment of smothering for one week + puddling + transplanting proved to be better than other conventional methods and may replace herbicide and hand/mechanical weeding totally with a better rice yield. 相似文献
22.
通过对常用典型风机工作性能和结构特点的分析,结合林木病虫害风送施药防治的要求,提出针对不同高度林木风送施药防治病虫害设备在选用风机类型时的建议和原则。 相似文献
23.
Multi-species tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems have been recognized as one of the most cost-effective bioremediation
approaches to alleviate nonpoint source agricultural pollution in heavily fertilized systems. However, highly concentrated
herbicides in surface and subsurface water and shade cast by trees along the stream bank usually compromise the effectiveness
of these systems. Greenhouse trials and field lysimeter studies were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of orchard grass
(Dactylis glomerata), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), timothy (Phleum pratense), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) ground covers to atrazine and Balance™ (isoxaflutole) plus their capacity to sequester and degrade these herbicides and
their metabolites. Their ability to remove soil nitrate was also quantified. Concentrations of atrazine, Balance™ and their
metabolites in the leachate, soil and plant samples were determined by solid phase extraction followed by high performance
liquid or gas chromatographic analyses. Distribution of the herbicides and metabolites in the system was calculated using
a mass balance approach. Herbicide bioremediation capacity of each lysimeter treatment was determined by the ratio of metabolites
to parent herbicide plus metabolites. Bioremediation of nitrate was quantified by comparing nitrate reduction rates in grass
treatments to the bare ground control. Based on this herbicide tolerance, bioremediation data and shade tolerance determined
in a previous study, it was established that switch grass, tall fescue and smooth bromegrass are good candidates for incorporation
into tree-shrub-grass riparian buffer systems designed for the bioremediation of atrazine, Balance™ and nitrate. 相似文献
24.
使用25%森泰水剂和5%森泰颗粒剂防除香椿幼林地的杂草研究试验结果表明:25%森泰水剂和5%森泰颗粒剂均能够有效防除香椿幼林地的五节芒、苦竹、刚竹、芒萁骨等多年生恶性杂草,防除效果均可达93%以上。使用25%森泰水剂除草比人工除草可减少用工56 1%~92 2%,降低除草成本36 1%~61%。同时,可根据幼林地杂草的种类、高度、盖度和水源等因素选择合适的森泰除草剂的剂型和剂量组合,以达到理想的防除杂草效果。 相似文献
25.
浅谈人造薄木生产中单板的漂白 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
详细阐述了木材颜色的成因及漂白机理,重点介绍了人造薄木生产过程中单板漂白工艺。研究表明,经漂白处理的单板,颜色明显变浅,色调也比较均匀,而且还消除了板面污染,对单板的染色十分有利。 相似文献
26.
Aiko Imai Iori Tomoda Tomoya Yokoyama Yuji Matsumoto Gyosuke Meshitsuka Guolin Tong 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(1):62-67
The dioxygen consumption by kraft lignin and several lignin model compounds during oxygen-alkali treatments were directly
analyzed using a dioxygen fl owmeter. The average dioxygen consumption by 200 g of kraft lignin was about 3 moles. Because
this value was as much as those obtained for monomeric phenolic lignin model compounds, guaiacol and vanillyl alcohol, it
was postulated that not only phenolic but also nonphenolic moieties in kraft lignin are extensively oxidized. The dioxygen
consumption by 0.5 moles (one equivalent of aromatic units) of a dimeric lignin model compound, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl
ether (GG), was also similar to that for 1 mole of guaiacol and vanillyl alcohol, regardless of the type of the aromatic moiety,
which supports the above postulation. The most plausible mechanism for the oxidation of nonphenolic moieties is the oxidation
of side chains of residual β-O-4 substructures by active oxygen species. By this mechanism, nonphenolic moieties in kraft lignin and GG are converted into
corresponding phenolic moieties, and the oxidation by dioxygen progresses.
Part of this article was presented at the 13th International Symposium on Wood, Fiber, and Pulping Chemistry (13th ISWFPC),
Auckland, New Zealand, May 2005 相似文献
27.
The low cost of direct tree seeding makes it increasingly useful for afforestation. However, the success of the technique is often unpredictable due to a series of different adverse biotic and abiotic factors. A plant cover with low competitive ability towards resources could offer a natural alternative to the herbicides currently used to control weeds. The effects of cover plants on availability of resources and microclimate were studied in a field experiment in the central France during three years. An experiment design crossing three mixtures of tree seeds with four vegetation compositions (a bare soil, flora of the meadow, and two mixtures of cover plants) was established and repeated randomly in three blocks in a meadow. Vegetation composition, tree seedling emergence, light availability, soil water content, and temperatures under each treatment were measured. The vegetation composition of the meadow stayed stable, with grass species dominating. The cover plants sown disappeared rapidly after one or two years. Outcome of direct seeding of trees depended on the vegetation treatment. Bare soil gave the highest emergence rate while meadow vegetation gave the lowest, with the mixture of cover plants being intermediate. Light availability and soil water content were very low under the meadow vegetation but were very high on the bare soil, again with cover plant mixtures being intermediate. This study confirms that a bare soil obtained by herbicide is a secure way to ensure tree seedling establishment in afforestation by direct seeding. However, with the onus currently on reducing herbicide use, the results suggest that sowing a mixture of cover plants could be an acceptable alternative to herbicides. The cover plants could offer protection against frost, scorching temperatures, or the water run-off encountered on bare soil. However, there are also a number of unresolved issues that need be addressed before the cover plants technique can be recommended. 相似文献
29.
通过对徐州市林场侧柏人工纯林林下植被进行抽样调查,选取形成林火地面易燃物的主要杂草一年蓬、野燕麦为研究对象,用农达(草甘膦异丙胺盐41%水剂)、MCPA(2甲4氯钠盐13%水剂)、精禾草克(精喹禾灵5%乳油)3种防除效率较高的除草剂进行试验。结果表明,农达和MCPA不同浓度混合溶液具很好的防除效果。从生态环境、防除效果和经济成本等因素综合考虑,200倍农达稀释液与200倍MPCA稀释液的混合液对一年蓬和野燕麦防除效果最佳,可应用在森林防火隔离带的建设中。 相似文献
30.
试验用漂白剂、酸性染料和其他化学药剂,采用单纯漂白、单纯染色、先漂白再染色和化学着色等4种不同的方案对人工林桉树木材进行材色改良处理研究.结果发现:单纯漂白可获得一定的材色改良效果;硫化物类、过硫酸铵类的药剂配方漂白效果不明显;硼氢化钠类的药剂配方可得到一定的漂白效果;双氧水类、次氯酸钠类的药剂配方可得到很好的漂白效果.单纯染色比较难获得好的材色处理效果.采用先漂白后染色的方法,获得的材色过于鲜艳.采用化学着色的方法,可获得较理想的材色改良效果;草酸类药剂配方着色效果明显,可消除材色缺陷,根据不同的配方和处理工艺可获得从浅粉红色到红棕色的色调;用双氧水做活性剂,引入带发色团的化学药剂,材色改良效果明显,通过调整配方药品的浓度和处理工艺可获得从浅黄色到橙黄色的不同色调和较佳的材质. 相似文献