夏黑葡萄控产优质高效栽培技术

夏黑葡萄在福建省葡萄主产区福安市引种栽培,通过实施双十字“水槽”型的整形修剪、小拱棚避雨栽培、控产提质的花果管理、科学肥水管理和病虫防控等配套栽培技术,种植第2年每667 m2产量536.5 kg,第3年产量1332 kg,利润上万元,经济效益十分显著.     

皮蛋加工辅料的作用及新工艺配方研究

研究了皮蛋加工中使用的红茶末、氯化钠、生石灰3种辅料的作用.结果表明,红茶末能提高料液中金属离子的浓度,控制蛋内碱度的变化,其作用可以被杜仲碎末替代;氯化钠没有实际作用,所以加工中可以用氯化钾代替,从而提高皮蛋的钾钠比;生石灰没有实际作用,可不用.试验得到最佳料液比是每100 mL水加入氢氧化钠5 g、氯化钾1 g、五水硫酸铜0.3 g、杜仲(碎末)9g,浸泡期为30 d,后熟期为30d,所得皮蛋与传统用红茶末加工的皮蛋无感官和味道差异,还使皮蛋产生了一定的保健功效.     

不同药剂对铜绿丽金龟卵和幼虫室内药效及毒力测定

11种杀虫剂对铜绿丽金龟卵和幼虫室内药效及毒力测定结果表明,25%吡虫·辛硫磷乳油、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂对铜绿丽金龟卵具有相对较好的防治效果;40%甲基异柳磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油、40%氧化乐果乳油、90%敌百虫原药、40%毒死蜱乳油、25%吡虫·辛硫磷乳油、10%噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂对铜绿丽金龟二龄幼虫均具有较高的持久防效;吡虫啉与辛硫磷复配防治铜绿丽金卵和二龄幼虫有显著的增效作用。     

黑莓鲈（Pomoxis nigromacufatus）仔鱼饥饿试验及 PNR 的确定

为确定黑莓鲈仔鱼的饥饿耐受能力及死亡不可逆点（PNR）,采用实验生态学方法研究饥饿对黑莓鲈仔鱼摄食、生长与发育的影响。结果表明,在19．5～22．8℃水温条件下：①黑莓鲈仔鱼在6日龄开口摄食,8日龄卵黄囊消失,其混合营养期仅维持2 d 左右,属于易遭受饥饿胁迫鱼类;②仔鱼最高初次摄食率出现在9日龄,初次摄食期仔鱼的 PNR 发生在孵化后第11～12 d,仔鱼具有摄食能力的时间仅4～5 d,且在到达 PNR 后仅1 d 多即全部死亡,其耐受饥饿的能力较差;③在饥饿胁迫条件下的仔鱼对卵黄囊和油球的吸收进程明显慢于正常投喂组仔鱼,且随着饥饿程度的不断加深,仔鱼的生长发育趋于停滞甚至出现负增长;仔鱼在 PNR 期出现胸角,并且表现出一系列明显的由饥饿所导致的形态和行为学特征。     

夏黑葡萄绿枝扦插育苗试验研究

以草木灰、河沙和珍珠岩为扦插基质,研究夏黑葡萄当年生绿枝扦插育苗技术。结果表明:以草木灰为夏黑葡萄绿枝扦插基质优于河沙和珍珠岩基质,扦插生根率高;在相同基质中,插条留叶状况对绿枝插条生根率无明显影响;插条上留有一节一叶夏芽副梢的生根苗移栽成活率明显高于留有一叶和不留叶的生根苗;选择夏黑葡萄当年生带一节一叶夏芽副梢的双芽绿枝作为扦条,以草木灰为基质,扦插生根率可达93%,移栽成活率为83.3%,但插条生根后继续保持在基质中生长更有利于幼苗发育成株。     

小麦常见穗部病害的识别与防治

介绍了小麦几种常见穗部病害,如小麦颖枯病、黑颖病、散黑穗病、腥黑穗病和蜜穗病的侵染循环、发生规律及危害症状,提出了以种植抗病品种为基础,加强栽培管理,提高抗病能力,辅以药剂保护的综合防治方法。为提高小麦的产量和质量提供了一定的理论依据。     

大麦虫幼虫营养成分分析

以大麦虫幼虫为研究对象,采用国家标准测定分析大麦虫幼虫水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、灰、部分维生素、矿物质元素及氨基酸组成。结果表明：（1）大麦虫活虫含水分57.87%、粗脂肪20.13%、粗蛋白18.69%、灰分1.72%;以干物质计,含粗脂肪38.99%、粗蛋白49.51%、灰分2.13%;（2）幼虫粉脂溶性维生素中,VE的含量最高,为23.49（依0.06）mg/kg;水溶性维生素中,VC 的含量最高,为16.04（依0.03）mg/kg,其次是VB2 ,为13.60（依0.09）mg/kg;（3）幼虫粉的宏量元素中,钾（K）的含量最高,为7 620.12（依2.26）mg/kg;其次是磷（P）、为6 150.48（依6.53）mg/kg;钙（Ca）的含量最低,为1 005.02（依4.08）mg/kg;微量元素中,锌（Zn）的含量最高,为88.74（依1.60）mg/kg;其次是铁（Fe）,为78.30（依1.78）mg/kg;铜（Cu）和锰（Mn）的含量分别为14.71（依0.21）mg/kg 和18.73（依1.09）mg/kg;（4）幼虫粉中氨基酸组成有17 种,氨基酸总量达41.92 g（每100 g幼虫粉）,其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.80%,呈味氨基酸占36.64%。     

不同畜禽粪肥与化肥配施下黑土中Zn含量及形态变化特征

通过培养实验并采用改进的BCR连续提取法研究了不同畜禽粪肥与化肥配施作用下黑土中Zn含量及形态在3年内动态变化特征。研究结果显示:不同畜禽粪肥与化肥配施增加了土壤中Zn总量和土壤各形态Zn含量,其中猪粪与化肥配施处理Zn总量为单施化肥处理的1.69倍,各形态Zn含量平均增幅达238.9%;不同畜禽粪肥与化肥配施还导致了Zn由生物有效性低的可氧化态和残渣态向生物有效性高的酸可提取态和可还原态转化,转化程度依次为猪粪与化肥配施鸡粪与化肥配施牛粪与化肥配施、单施化肥。在对影响Zn形态转化因素进行相关分析时发现:不论施肥与否,土壤中酸可提取态和可还原态Zn均与pH值、有机质含量呈显著负相关关系,而可氧化态和残渣态Zn与pH值、有机质含量呈显著正相关关系。此外,不同畜禽粪肥与化肥配施使得土壤中残渣态Zn与pH值间正相关性增强,而对各形态Zn与有机质含量间相关性影响不大。本研究条件下,畜禽粪肥与化肥配施造成了Zn在土壤中积累,提高了Zn的生物有效性,因而增加了土壤Zn污染风险;而不同粪肥间以猪粪与化肥配施对Zn污染影响最为显著,牛粪与化肥配施则与单施化肥差别不大。     

Comparison of oxygen consumption patterns between wild and cultured black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

ABSTRACT:   To compare metabolic activity rhythms between wild and cultured black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli , we measured long-term oxygen consumption rates (OCR) using an automatic intermittent-flow respirometer under constant temperature and darkness. Oxygen consumption rates peaked among wild black rockfish at 12.4 h intervals, which corresponded to a circatidal rhythm. The wild fish were probably exhibiting responses that corresponded to tidal events in their natural environment. However, when captured wild black rockfish were kept under laboratory conditions (12 h light [L] : 12 h dark [D]) for 30 days, the OCR shifted to a circadian rhythm (24.1–24.9 h). The OCR of cultured black rockfish that had been reared in a tank for 9 months peaked at approximately 24 h intervals, corresponding to a circadian rhythm. The results of this study suggest that the differences in OCR patterns between wild and cultured fish were mainly due to differences in the environmental conditions between tidal and non-tidal habitats.     

Ecosystem‐based fisheries management: A perspective on the critique and development of the concept

The concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around "black box" and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability.