甘肃瑞香提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫生物活性的影响

为探明甘肃瑞香(Daphne tangutica Maxim)对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性,以甘肃瑞香的全株、叶、茎皮、茎木质部、根皮和根木质部为研究对象,以甲醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、氯仿、苯和石油醚为溶剂,采用索氏法提取其活性成分,明确其最佳的杀虫活性部位和提取溶剂.结果表明:在干粉100mg/mL的质量浓度下,各溶剂瑞香全株的提取物均对菜粉蝶幼虫表现出明显的拒食、胃毒和触杀作用,其中苯的提取效果最好,其粗提物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫24h的拒食率为92.29%,胃毒作用的LD50为19.56μg/头,7d后触杀作用的LD50为52.56μg/头.甘肃瑞香不同部位的苯提取物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫均表现出明显的拒食、胃毒和触杀作用,其活性部位表现为甘肃瑞香叶>根皮>茎皮>茎木质部>根木质部.甘肃瑞香叶粗提物杀虫活性最高,其粗提物对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫24h的拒食率为94.59%,胃毒作用的LD50为8.47μg/头;7d后触杀作用的LD50为50.41μg/头.     

不同梨品种对梨黑斑病抗性差异研究

对17个梨栽培品种的黑斑病田间抗性进行了研究.结果表明:17个梨品种可分为抗、中抗、感、高感4个抗性类群,不同抗性群间的抗性差异明显;爱宕、早蜜、翠冠和新竺水4个品种表现抗病,大果水晶表现高度感病.     

长江中游监利江段鱼卵及仔稚鱼时空分布

2010年5-7月对长江中游监利江段鱼卵和仔稚鱼的时空分布进行调查,共采集到鱼卵样品9494粒,仔稚鱼样品328422尾,分属8目15科43属51种.结果显示:5-7月鱼卵的平均密度为13.3 ind./100m3,最大密度值87.8 ind./100 m3,主要集中在5月;5-7月仔稚鱼平均密度为61.8 ind./...     

金州黑色标准水貂对中国养貂行业的影响

介绍了金州黑色标准水貂这一品种的培育过程和优良特性 ,阐述了该水貂新品种对推动中国水貂养殖行业的发展将起到很大的作用     

The whole amino acid profile as indicator of the nutritional condition in cultured marine fish larvae

The effect of variations in the amount or quality of food provided on the amino acid profile of larvae, was tested in two marine fish species, the Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) and the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The objective was to assess whether such nutritionally suboptimum dietary patterns, which simulate situations that may occur in hatcheries, result in variations in the concentration of one or more amino acids that could be used as indicators of nutritional condition of larvae. Restriction in the normal food ration by 60% had no clear effect on the amino acid profile of sea bass, while the concentration of some amino acids (Arg, Ala and Phe) showed significant variations in sole. Feeding on artificial diets, which have shown their inadequacy a priori, resulted also in no significant effect on the profile of sea bass, but in a dramatic modification of the amino acid profile in sole. In addition, changes in the amino acid profiles considered as a whole were evaluated using the cluster analysis instead of paired comparisons between amino acid concentrations in each treatment. The analysis clearly separated profiles of larvae fed restrictedly or inadequately from their controls, irrespective of the species. This demonstrated the potential value of evaluating whole changes in amino acid profile as nutritional indicator. Besides, it was demonstrated that sensitivity of larvae to nutritional changes that may be reflected in the amino acid profile is greatly conditioned by the species and developmental stage.     

基于AHP的道路黑点交通安全影响因素分析及应用

阐述道路黑点交通事故的生成特征,通过AHP法建立交通安全影响因素的层次结构模型,形成了诸因素重要程度量化分析方法,为减少和预防密集型交通事故提供切实依据;应用该方法对某大型交叉口进行了分析和计算,确定了各安全影响因素的权重,提出了相应的安全保障措施。     

Protein quality of larval feed with increased concentration of hydrolysed protein: effects of heat treatment and leaching

Four heat coagulated early weaning diets with increasing concentrations of pepsin hydrolysed protein, were investigated with regard to the change in protein quality during feed production and exposure to leaching. Water-soluble N, trichloroacetic acid-soluble N and amino acid (AA) profiles were determined in finished diets and in diets leached for 6 min. In vitro diet digestibility was measured and related to increasing inclusion of hydrolysed protein and N leakage. Seventeen to 47% of soluble N in the feed ingredients was made insoluble by heat denaturation during feed production, but the concentration of peptides and free amino acids (FAA) were not influenced. All peptides/FAA and 70–80% of water-soluble protein were lost after exposure to leaching. Increased inclusion of hydrolysed protein increased the loss of crude protein (15–30%). All taurine and 30% of histidine was lost during leaching, no other major changes in AA profile were found. There was no difference in digestibility between diets exposed to leaching. However, leached diets showed reduced digestibility as compared to diets that had not been exposed to leaching. In conclusion micro-bound type diets as used in this study have a low efficiency in delivering soluble N to fish larvae and should be carefully considered for this purpose.     

Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model

In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid- continental shelves of this region.     

A synthesis of large-scale patterns in the planktonic prey of larval and juvenile cod (Gadus morhua)

Data from 40 published studies of the diet composition of larval and juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) from around the northern North Atlantic were summarized to assess generic patterns in ontogenetic and regional variability in the key prey. The results showed that larvae at the northern edge of the latitudinal range of cod depend primarily on development stages of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, whilst those at the southern edge depend on Para‐ and Pseudocalanus species. Juvenile cod preyed on a wider range of taxa than larvae, but euphausiids were the main target prey. Analysis of regional variations in the relative abundances of C. finmarchicus and Para/Pseudocalanus spp. in the plankton, as estimated by the continuous plankton recorder (CPR) surveys, showed a similar geographical pattern to the larval cod stomach contents. Comparison of CPR data from the 1960s and 70s with data from the 1990s showed that the boundary between C. finmarchicus and Para/Pseudocalanus spp. dominance has shifted northwards on both sides of the Atlantic, whilst the abundance of euphausiids in the southern cod stock regions has declined. The results are discussed in relation to regional differences in the response of cod stocks to climate variability.     

海南黑山羊与萨能奶山羊杂交F1代的生理生化指标测定与分析

对海南黑山羊及其与萨能奶山羊F1 代的主要生理生化指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明，呼吸、体温、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血清总蛋白、谷草转氨酶等指标都在正常范围，海南黑山羊公羊、海南黑山羊母羊、F1 黑色母羊、F1 白色母羊在海南适应性和生长发育表现良好。测定结果还能为海南黑山羊的饲养管理和疾病的诊断治疗提供血液学方面的参考。