Reclassification of an isolate of Guignardia citricarpa from New Zealand as Guignardia mangiferae by sequence analysis

Citrus black spot was recorded as present in New Zealand in international databases on the basis of one isolate (ICMP 8336) identified by morphological features as Guignardia citricarpa . This isolate was from a soft rot, not a typical symptom of citrus black spot, on a Seminole tangerine fruit grown in the northern region of New Zealand. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5·8S and ITS2) showed that this isolate was 99% identical to the ITS region of G. mangiferae , a closely related saprotroph. Despite climatic conditions being suitable for this disease, citrus black spot symptoms have never been seen on citrus fruits grown in New Zealand. Thus the absence of symptoms on citrus in New Zealand is probably because G. citricarpa is not present. On the basis of these results, the record of citrus black spot occurring in New Zealand should be re-examined.     

不同水平的卤虫幼虫冻干粉对黄颡鱼生产性能及抗氧化能力指标的影响

为探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的卤虫幼虫冻干粉对黄颡鱼生产性能及抗氧化能力指标的影响,采用单因素设计试验,将1200尾体质量为8.0 g黄颡鱼随机分为4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复100尾,1组为空白对照组饲喂基础饵料,2、3、4组为试验组在基础饵料中分别添加卤虫幼虫冻干粉100、150、200 mg/kg,试验期为42 d,试验结束测定黄颡鱼生产性能和血清中抗氧化能力指标。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的增重率和特定生长率较1组分别提高9.46%、8.73%、8.11%、7.43%(P < 0.05),试验2、3、4组存活率均高于1组(P > 0.05);试验3、4组的饵料系数较1组分别降低16.45%、14.29%(P < 0.05);(2)试验3、4组血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性较1组分别提高23.65%、20.95%、11.26%、11.05%(P < 0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力均高于1组(P > 0.05);试验3、4组血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量较1组分别降低23.76%、21.29%(P < 0.05)。综上,在饲料中添加150 mg/kg卤虫幼虫冻干粉可提高黄颡鱼生产性能和抗氧化能力。     

不同体质量阶段松辽黑猪日粮能量代谢研究

对松辽黑猪3个体质量阶段(1期为24.0 kg,2期为45.0 kg,3期为62.0 kg)饲粮能量物质转化及代谢规律的影响进行了研究。每期选取松辽黑猪6头,通过开放式呼吸测热装置,进行消化代谢试验、呼吸测热和气体交换试验。结果表明:随着体质量的升高,松辽黑猪对饲料中粗纤维的消化能力显著提高(P0.05);松辽黑猪生长代谢和绝食代谢的耗O2量和CO2产生量1期显著高于2期和3期(P0.05),耗O2量2期与3期差异显著(P0.05),CO2产生量2期与3期差异不显著(P0.05);松辽黑猪蛋白沉积和脂肪沉积趋势一致,2、3期显著高于1期(P0.05)。     

烟草黑胫病菌的田间群体分布规律

 从云南省不同烟区采集不同生态条件的土壤标样,用土壤稀释平板法和叶片诱饵法分离烟草疫霉并进行群体数量及分布规律的研究。结果,不同生态的土壤中烟草疫霉群体数量及分布存在着显著的差异:连作田、低湿地、感病品种栽种地等土壤中烟草疫霉的群体数量大于轮作田、高燥地、抗病品种地等土壤中的群体数量;偏酸性土壤中的烟草疫霉群体数量较中性土壤和碱性土壤中的病菌群体数量大;根际土的烟草疫霉群体数量随距离根部的增加而减少。黑颈病田间发病率与土壤中烟草疫霉的群体数量呈正相关性。弄清土壤中烟草疫霉的群体数量及其田间群体分布规律,有助于烟草种植规划的制定、黑胫病的预测与防治。     

不同开口饵料对中华鲟仔鱼生长及成活率的影响

经人工孵化的同亲本中华鲟仔鱼苗,用不同的饵料饲养25 d,研究中华鲟仔鱼适宜的开口饵料及对仔鱼苗成活率和生长的影响.结果显示,用配合饲料作为开口饵料时,中华鲟仔鱼的成活率和生长速度显著低于水蚯蚓和丰年虫试验组;单用丰年虫投喂的试验组成活率最高(87.00%),但生长较慢;单用水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长速度比丰年虫快,但成活率仅为78.33%.用丰年虫 水蚯蚓投喂的试验组生长和成活率都较好;中华鲟仔鱼最合适的开口饵料为丰年虫.     

Digestive Enzyme Activity during Larval Development of Black Snook,Centropomus nigrescens

Black snook, Centropomus nigrescens, have been identified as a promising candidate for aquaculture although, like many of the Centropomid species, high mortality associated with early larval stages presents a significant bottleneck to their commercialization. The digestive capacity of black snook larvae throughout the first 37 d after hatch (d.a.h.) was evaluated by quantifying digestive enzyme activities using biochemical techniques. Results showed that black snook larvae have alkaline proteases at hatching, which are known to be important during the first days of feeding for digestion. Toward the end of the study, acid proteases concentration increased (37 d.a.h.). Enzymes for lipid digestion, pancreatic lipase and bile salt‐activated lipase, were already present in the larvae before exogenous feeding commenced, and their activity increased with age and growth (length). Intracellular digestion, measured as the activity of leucine‐alanine peptidase, was high early on (5 d.a.h.) and decreased as development progressed (next 32 d). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest at first feeding and subsequently increased with age. Overall patterns in enzyme activity suggest the possibility of live feed weaning before 32 d.a.h. if artificial diets can be properly balanced.     

中国黑土退化现状与防治对策

我国黑土退化现象是比较严重的 ,在当今世界各国都注重生态安全 ,努力追求可持续发展的形势下 ,有必要加大对我国黑土退化的研究。本文对中国黑土退化的现状及影响中国黑土退化的各种因素做了论述 ,并提出了中国黑土退化防治的一些措施和建议。这对于保护我国黑土资源、保障我国的粮食安全和我国黑土区的生态安全有一定的意义。     

核桃细菌性黑斑病杀菌剂筛选及药效研究

本文以黄单胞杆菌Xanthomonas campestris pv.juglandis(Pierce Dowson)为供试菌株,选用不同浓度的13种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。结果表明:有10种药剂对该菌有一定的抑制效果,但只有5种杀菌剂能够产生明显的抑菌圈。其中,四霉素和链霉素的抑菌效果最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.165、3μg/mL,抑菌率为74.76%、69.23%,EC_(50)为12.764、35.318μg/mL。其他依次为乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素。选用这5种杀菌剂进行盆栽防治试验,四霉素和链霉素的平均防效达74.60%、71.69%,乙蒜素和中生菌素防效分别为65.98%、58.40%,春雷霉素防效最低为39.38%。其结果与室内基本一致。室内试验及盆栽试验结果表明四霉素、链霉素、乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素可作为防治核桃黑斑病的杀菌剂,其中四霉素为首选杀菌剂。     

苹果梨黑星病药剂筛选试验

试验筛选出防治苹果梨黑星病的理想药剂为20%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂、40%氟硅唑乳油和80%腈菌唑.锰锌可湿性粉剂等;确定三唑类杀菌剂为目前防治苹果梨黑星病的首选药剂,并可与其他类杀菌剂混合或轮换使用,以延缓其抗性的产生,为果农更好地防治该病害提供技术支持。     

乌骨绵羊和黑色素的研究进展

黑色素在生物体内起着重要的作用,本文从黑色素的分类、生物合成机制、分析方法、结构、理化性质和功能、分布、沉积等方面进行了阐述,并对新近在云南发现的乌骨绵羊乌质性状形成相关的黑色素的生成的基因进行了描述。