松嫩平原黑土带保土培肥可持续发展技术体系研究

松嫩平原是黑龙江省主要的商品粮产地,土地的用养结合对黑龙江省农业发展至关重要。研究提出黑土带保土培肥可持续发展技术体系,从土壤耕作、作物种植方式、田间水分和肥料管理等6个方面进行了全方位的设计。     

不同加工工艺对红茶茶膏品质的影响

通过常规浸提、酶处理浸提两种提取工艺与真空减压浓缩、水浴浓缩两种干燥工艺制备红茶茶膏,并对其理化成分、色差及感官品质进行分析.结果表明,经酶处理后利用真空减压浓缩工艺能够显著提高红茶茶膏总糖、茶红素(TR)、茶黄素(TF)、茶褐素(TB)、儿茶素等理化活性成分含量,并提高红茶茶膏感官品质.色差分析b/a值和色相角(Hab)在红茶茶膏汤色分析中能更好反映红茶茶膏汤色状况,其与感官评分相关系数较高,可作为色差分析中衡量红茶茶膏色差品质的指标之一.     

"祁红"科技发展回顾与发展策略

回顾了"祁红"栽培、加工等科技发展历程,阐述了科技创新对"祁红"发展的推动作用.针对当今"祁红"发展现状和存在的问题,提出了3点"祁红"可持续性发展策略:①以科技创新为动力推动"祁红"发展;②保持生态优势,促进"祁红"可持续发展;③培育龙头企业,提升品牌竞争力.     

贵州黑马羊间性、无角、颌下髯及颈部肉垂遗传特征分析

通过实际观察、杂交试验、考察育种记录、遗传分析和适合性检验,对贵州黑马羊间性、无角、颌下髯以及颈部肉垂特征遗传规律进行了研究,同时分析和探讨了黑马羊相关遗传特征表现的基因表达方式和遗传关系.结果表明:①“无角×无角”繁殖的F1代无角羊占72.41％,有角羊占24.14％,无角间性羊占3.45％;②“有角×有角”繁殖的F1代有角羊为100％.③“有角×无角”、“无角×有角”的正反交试验,F1代无角羊占52.20％、有角羊占47.80％.④对166只19个群体的黑马羊统计,颌下有髯率为80.72％,颈部有肉垂率为19.28％;无角(P)对有角(p)呈显性,无间性(I)对间性(f)呈显性,颌下有髯对无髯呈显性,颈部有肉垂对无肉垂呈完全显性;有角山羊基因型为ppH,正常无角羊基因型为PPII、PPIi和PpII、PpIi,间性羊基因型为PPii、Ppii,且山羊间性与无角存在连锁关系.     

黑皮果蔗茎尖脱毒不同代数种茎苗商品性能研究

以黑皮果蔗茎尖脱毒第1代(处理A)、第2代(处理B)、第3代(处理C)种茎为材料,研究其商品性能生产表现情况。结果表明,脱毒果蔗不同代数种苗的月生长速度、株高、茎径、蔗茎产量与对照相比差异性均达极显著水平,其中,蔗株最高、茎径最粗、蔗茎产量最高等均为第2代种茎苗,分别比对照高41cm、粗0.25cm、增产41.1%;在品质方面,脱毒果蔗的水分含量较高,纤维分含量较低,糖分略低于对照;在外观品质方面,脱毒果蔗的节间长度、均匀度、色泽等均优于对照,由花叶病引起的花皮蔗株低于对照;脱毒果蔗易受外界花叶病毒的传染,随种植年限的增加,花叶病发病率提高;脱毒果蔗叶片的叶绿素含量、ATP酶活性提高;第1代种茎苗可栽培成商品蔗,但存在一定的组培效应,主要表现为蔗茎的侧芽较大,在光线条件较好的地方较易萌动。     

Modelling changes in the length–frequency distributions of fish larvae using field estimates of predator abundance and size distributions

The goal of this study is to determine if an individual-based size-dependent model can realistically simulate changes in the length–frequency distributions of several species of fish larvae collected in Conception Bay in 1993 and 1994, using field estimations of growth and predator abundance. We first model the length–frequency distribution of field samples with the best possible estimates of mean growth rate. Then, we add predation mortality given the characteristics of the predator community observed during our surveys, which was composed of macrozooplankton and adult capelin. The larval fish community is generally not affected by predation by macrozooplankton, as the average instantaneous mortality rate predicted by the model was 0.004 day^–1. Fish larvae appear to be more vulnerable to predation by the population of adult capelin. We estimate that an abundance of adult capelin ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 individuals per 1000 m^–3 may have a substantial impact on the larval fish community. The predictions of an individual-based model are directly related to the accuracy of estimates of the mean growth rates of the larval fish cohorts. We find that it is difficult to differentiate size-selective removal of individuals from random selection by analysing changes of the length–frequency distributions of the larval fish community.     

Compensatory growth and body composition of juvenile black rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastes schlegeli</Emphasis> following feed deprivation

ABSTRACT:   Compensatory growth, feeding rate, feed efficiency and chemical composition of juvenile black rockfish (mean weight 1.43 g) were investigated for 35 days after a 14-day feed deprivation treatment under four feeding conditions: one group continuously fed (control) and the other three groups fasted for 5 days (F5), 10 days (F10) and 14 days (F14). All fasted fish were re-fed from day 15. Only F5 achieved the same body weight as the control, indicating that complete compensation occurred in F5. The specific growth rate (SGR) of F5 was the highest at day 21 and then decreased thereafter, showing higher values than the control at days 21, 28 and 42. In contrast, although SGRs of F10 and F14 were higher than that of the control during the whole refeeding period except day 21, they did not catch up the control in body mass, indicating that only partial compensation occurred in F10 and F14. The feeding rate (FR) of all groups except F14 changed in a pattern similar to SGR (Spearman's rank correlation, r _s > 0.9), suggesting that SGR varied depending on FR. Similar feeding efficiencies (FEs) were found in the four groups and they did not vary significantly during the whole refeeding period, suggesting that FE was not the factor affecting SGR. At day 14, the ratios of lipid to lean body mass in F10 and F14 were lower than those in the control and F5, and there was no difference between the control and F5. At day 49, however, only F14 showed a lower value than the other three groups, and there was no difference among the three groups. These results indicate that juvenile black rockfish fasted for 5–14 days can exhibit compensatory growth after refeeding, but timing and degree vary depending on the duration of feed deprivation.     

美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育

使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,描述了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)仔稚鱼(1~51日龄)脊柱、胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍等附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。结果显示,脊柱的发育开始于10日龄仔鱼尾部的髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,16日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘,19日龄脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,23日龄所有椎体形成。各附鳍支鳍骨发育顺序先后依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。胸鳍在2日龄时出现乌喙骨,13日龄形成软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨,19日龄仔鱼肩带和上匙骨开始骨化;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在5日龄,12日龄尾鳍形成2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨和6枚尾下骨,19日龄仔鱼尾椎和尾鳍率先开始骨化,直至23日龄尾鳍骨骼系统钙化完全。最终背鳍和臀鳍分别形成18和22根鳍条。美洲鲥骨骼发育研究对其早期发育功能趋向、环境优化及分类鉴定有重要作用。     

鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展

鱼类早期生活史的研究，主要涉及卵和仔鱼发育，仔鱼最佳饲养条件、饵料密度、营养、生长、临界期、饥饿、捕食、环境耐力和毒性反应等和渔业密切相关的诸因子，是鱼类自然资源繁殖保护和养殖业苗种培育的基础。近二、三十年来，鱼类早期生活史研究已成为水产科学的一个崭新领域，在国际上受到广泛重视并迅速发展。国际海洋开发理事会(ICES)曾三次举行鱼类早期生活史学术讨论会，     

温度和盐度对鞍带石斑鱼受精卵发育及仔鱼成活率的影响

研究了在8个盐度梯度(18.3‰、19.7‰、21.2‰、23.5‰、25.6‰、27.1‰、29.5‰和31.7‰)下鞍带石斑鱼Epinephelus lanceol受精卵和仔鱼在水中的分布状态、出膜率和仔鱼存活率;在9个温度梯度(18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃、28℃、30℃、33℃和35℃)下,其受精卵孵化率、畸形率和仔鱼成活率。结果表明:(1)在水温为25~26℃,当盐度≤25.6‰时,受精卵表现为沉性;当盐度≥27.1‰时,受精卵表现为浮性。仔鱼的分布与受精卵有相似的特点,当盐度≤21.2‰时仔鱼分布在底层水体;当盐度≥27.1‰时,仔鱼集中分布在上层水体。(2)以孵化率和成活率为指标,鞍带石斑鱼孵化的适宜盐度范围为21.2‰~31.7‰,最适盐度范围为25.6‰~31.7‰。在盐度为31.7‰时仔鱼成活率最高达到75.9%。(3)鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育的适温范围是26~30℃。28℃时受精卵孵化率、仔鱼成活率均最高,畸形率最低。