分子印迹技术在兽药残留分析中的应用

分子印迹技术是发展高选择性材料的主要方法之一,通过分子印迹技术获得的分子印迹聚合物具有选择性高、稳定性好等特点,近年来迅速成为生物、药物、食品安全等领域的研究热点.论文就分子印迹技术的原理和技术方案、固相萃取技术中的应用、生物传感器中的应用方面做了综述,并对分子印迹技术应用过程中存在的问题和发展前景进行了评述.     

TiO2纳米颗粒增强的过氧化氢生物传感器

采用TiO2纳米颗粒与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）作为固酶基质,用凝胶-溶胶法固定辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）,构成的过氧化氢生物传感器,研究了该修饰电极在磷酸缓冲液中对H2O2的催化作用及实验条件的影响,实验结果表明,纳米TiO2颗粒的引入可以明显的提高HRP对H2O2响应电流。     

酶法检测农药残留的现状与发展方向

简述了目前我国农药残留的现状及快速检测技术——酶抑制法的现状和发展方向,分析了酶抑制法在使用中存在的问题和解决途径。与传统方法相比,酶抑制法具有快速、简便、灵敏及低成本等优点,已成为蔬菜等生产基地、销售市场及监督部门现场快速检测的主要设备。     

不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落水平生理图谱(CLP)与土壤碳、氮有效性之间的相互关系

The goal of this work was to assess soil microbial respiration, determined by the assay of community-level physiological profiling in an oxygen-sensitive microplate (O₂-CLPP), in response to endogenous C and several individual C substrates in the soils with different organic C contents (as a function of soil type and management practice). We also used the O₂-CLPP to determine the respiratory response of these soils to endogenous C and amended C substrates with N addition. A respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated based on the ratio of the response to endogenous soil C vs. each C-only substrate, and was related to total organic carbon (TOC). For assessing N availability for microbial activity, the effect of N supplementation on soil respiration, expressed as N_ratio, was calculated based on the response of several substrates to N addition relative to the response without N. Soils clustered in 4 groups after a principal component analysis (PCA), based on TOC and their respiratory responses to substrates and endogenous C. These groups reflected differences among soils in their geographic origin, land use and C content. Calculated RQ values were significantly lower in natural forest soils than in managed soils for most C-only substrates. TOC was negatively correlated with RQ (r = - 0.65), indicating that the soils with higher organic matter content increased respiratory efficiency. The N addition in the assay in the absence of C amendment (i.e., only endogenous soil C present) had no effect on microbial respiration in any soil, indicating that these soils were not intrinsically N-limited, but substrate-dependent variation in N_ratio within soil groups was observed.     

无试剂型葡萄糖生物传感器的研制

利用制备的羧基-β-环糊精衍生物包络二茂铁得到了羧基-β-环糊精二茂铁包络物作为新型媒介体.采用廉价易得的蛋清代替价格较高的牛血清白蛋白,用蛋清戊二醛交联媒介体、酶,成功制得了电流型葡萄糖传感器.由于羧基-β-环糊精提供的疏水空腔将二茂铁包络,减少了二茂铁的流失,另外亲水性的外壁为酶提供的良好的外环境保证了酶的活性,故该传感器具有良好的稳定性,对葡萄糖表现出良好的响应,重现性也较好,且响应时间短.检测线性范围为:1×10~(-5)～2.68×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1),相关系数为0.9994,检测限为1.2×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)(S/N=3).     

基于固定化AChE的流动注射型酶传感器研究

以固定化鲅鱼脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶[acetylcholinesterase,AChE(EC 3.1.1.7)]为识别元件,以pH电极为换能器,构建流动注射型AChE酶传感器.该传感器在以磷酸盐缓冲液为载液的条件下具有良好的重现性(RSD=1.427%,n=10)和敏感性,可实现对有机磷化合物的在线监测;对甲基对硫磷具有线性响应的浓度范围为4.29×10-10^-4.29×10^-8mol·L^-1,最低检测限为1.3×10^-     

基于普鲁士蓝和明胶修饰的过氧化氢生物传感器

以铂电极为基底,用恒电位沉积一层普鲁士蓝（PB）,然后用纳米金和明胶构成的复合固酶基质,结合溶胶-凝胶技术将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）固定在普鲁士蓝修饰的电极表面,再用戊二醛（GA）对复合酶膜进行交联改性,从而制备了性能良好的过氧化氢传感器,采用循环伏安法（CV）、计时电流法、交流阻抗法（EIS）对传感器进行了电化学表征。在pH=6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）中,探讨了工作电位、pH、温度以及干扰物质对传感器响应电流的影响。实验结果表明,此方法有较高灵敏度、较好抗干扰能力、良好稳定性及重现性。传感器对H2O2的线性响应范围为1．2×10^-6～1．3×10^-3mol／L,检测限为6．0×10^-7mol／L。     

Recent Progress of Commercially Available Biosensors in China and Their Applications in Fermentation Processes

Biosensors, which are the products of the biotechnology industry, are among the key projects of the 7th, 8th, and 9th Fiveyear Plans of China Science ＆ Technology Developing Programs, respectively, and they play an important role in developing and reforming traditional biotechnology. SBA series biosensor analyzer, as the only one commercial biosensor in China, has attracted lots of attention in the process of information gathering and measurement for biological industry with the development of technology and society. In this paper, we presented an overview of the most important contributions dealing with the monitoring of the biochemical analytes in fermentation processes using SBA series biosensor analyzers in China. Future trends of the biosensor analyzer in China were also mentioned in the last section.     

Application of quantum dot-based biosensor to the conjunctiva in Wistar albino rats

This study was conducted to get an idea about the distribution of the lymphatic fluid in conjunctiva throughout the body parts. For this purpose, Qdot655 (QD), fluorescence nanoparticles, spread onto the conjunctiva were used on Wistar albino rats. Drainage of QD particles from conjunctiva was followed up via fluorescence images at different hours on body parts such as eye, ears, forearms, hind legs and tails. The first fluorescence signals within the 30th minutes following administration of QD were observed in the nasal region and the anterior extremities. Whereas within 60th minutes following QD spread, fluorescent signals were obtained from the ears, forearms, hind legs and tail of the female and male rats.     

生物传感器在食品安全检测中的应用

生物传感器作为一种新的分析工具,在食品安全检测中具有广泛的应用价值.主要介绍了它的工作原理和分类及其在食品工业中的应用.