东北鳈繁殖力的研究

2018年6—7月,在乌苏里江抚远江段采集了284尾东北鳈Sarcocheilichthys lacustris,研究其生物学体征、种群年龄组成及繁殖力。结果表明:284尾东北鳈中有雌鱼226尾、雄鱼58尾,雌雄比例为3.9∶1;年龄范围1~5龄,3~4龄年龄组个体为优势年龄组,占总样本量的68%;性腺成熟系数(GSI)为(11.27±5.62)%,绝对繁殖力(F)为(5924.69±2177.01)粒,相对繁殖力(F1)为(60.81±15.25)粒/g,体长相对繁殖力(FL)为(33.02±10.66)粒/mm,体质量相对繁殖力(FW)为(49.41±11.61)粒/g;个体绝对繁殖力与体长(L)、体质量(W)及GSI的关系分别为:F=1170.8L-2.6L2-119577,F=320.65W-0.9W2-18919,F=143.89GSI1.452。     

湿度对益蝽生长发育的影响

益蝽是一种重要的捕食性天敌,能捕食多种害虫。为探究不同湿度对益蝽生长发育的影响,本研究于室内测定了相对湿度10%、30%、50%、70%和90%条件下,益蝽卵发育历期、孵化率,各龄若虫发育历期、体质量及存活率,雌成虫寿命等指标。结果表明,与对照组相对湿度70%相比,相对湿度10%对低龄若虫的发育历期有显著影响,而相对湿度90%影响相对较小。相对湿度10%下卵发育历期显著延长、孵化率显著降低;若虫发育历期显著延长、存活率显著降低、体质量有显著变化;雌成虫寿命显著缩短。相对湿度10%对益蝽的影响随龄期增加逐渐减小,相对湿度90%只对成虫体质量有显著影响。     

利用苏云金杆菌悬浮剂对油松毛虫进行生物防治研究

利用8000IU·滋L-1苏云金杆菌(Bt)悬浮剂对油松毛虫进行了室内生物测定和松林林间防治试验。结果表明,Bt悬浮剂对油松毛虫有很高致死作用。分别利用500,400和300倍稀释液喷雾松枝饲喂2龄幼虫,处理120h后,幼虫死亡率分别为32.50%,35.00%和62.50%。平均症状级别达1.625~2.575,致死作用迅速。林间施用Bt悬浮剂500,400和300倍稀释液,处理7d后,幼虫校正死亡率为74.68%~84.81%,10d后防治效果达85.00%~90.00%,显著高于25%灭幼脲三号悬浮剂的对照处理。     

Top Dressing of Feed with Desiccated Chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans for Biological Control of the Pre-Parasitic Stages of Ovine Haemonchus contortus

Feeding trials were conducted with stall-fed sheep parasitized with Haemonchus contortus. For 10 days they were offered 250 g of a concentrate feed that had been top-dressed with desiccated chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans at 1×10⁵, 5×10⁵, 1×10⁶ or 2×10⁶ chlamydospores/kg body weight. Pooled faeces from each group on day 7 of spore feeding were spread on different pasture plots. On day 28 after the start of spore feeding, further pooled faeces from each group were spread on the same plots. The larval burdens on the plots were monitored for 2 months and the larval harvest from in vitro faecal cultures were monitored regularly. The application of 1×10⁶ or more spores/kg body weight virtually eliminated larvae from both the pasture and the faecal cultures. The application of as few as 1×10⁵ spores/kg body weight had a profound impact on larval recovery. The effect persisted while the spores were being fed but not for more than 4 days following discontinuation of spore feeding. Top dressing supplementary feed with dried chlamydospores offers a potential way of using D. flagrans for biological control of the pre-parasitic stages of H. contortus.     

无公害防治技术在林业病虫害防治中的应用研究

病虫害的发生对于林业生产会造成较大影响,加强林业病虫害的防治,运用无公害防治技术,体现了先进的病虫害防治思想,具有较高的应用和推广价值,有利于减少病虫害对苗木的侵袭,确保苗木的健康茁壮生长,创造更为可观的经济效益和生态效益,人与自然和谐共生的理念也能由此得以实现。本文将探讨无公害防治技术的应用意义及林业病虫害发生的主要原因,并阐述无公害防治技术在林业病虫害防治中的有效应用策略,旨在充分发挥出无公害防治林业病虫害的价值,维持林业生态平衡,从而推动我国林业的可持续健康发展。     

Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal: a review of its weed status and possibilities for management

The rapid expansion of the alien invasive Parthenium hysterophorus is a new agricultural and environmental problem for Nepal. Although the weed was first recorded in 1967, the most significant expansion has occurred in the last 20 years. The weed is thought to have entered Nepal from India and currently is found in the Tarai, Siwalik and hill regions of Nepal. A CLIMEX modelling projection has shown these regions to be climatically suitable for the growth of P. hysterophorus, both under the present and a future projected increased temperature. From the initially invaded roadside vegetation, the weed has now spread into cropping land and forests. Vehicle movement and transportation of agriculture products are the main means by which its seed is spreading. The weed has reduced plant species richness and changed species composition in grasslands, while fodder collectors have developed contact dermatitis from the plant. To date, no sustainable management strategy has been developed for this weed. However, the fortuitous arrival of the biological control agents Zygogramma bicolorata and Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola has had some impact upon the weed's growth and abundance. A CLIMEX modelling projection identifies many suitable locations for Z. bicolorata outside of its present range and within areas where the weed is likely to spread, both under the present and under a future projected climate of increased temperature. Mapping of the currently invaded areas, management through community involvement and further releases of new and redistribution of current biological control agents are required to manage P. hysterophorus in Nepal.     

Mycoparasitism of Gliocladium isolates in China Mycoparasitism of Gliocladium isolates in China

During an investigation of mycoparasitic fungi on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in China, Gliocladium species was consistently encountered and isolated from natural soils collected over the country. Colonization frequencies on sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum by the fungi ranged from 40% to 100% when the sclerotia were introduced into soils and coincubated at 22-24 ℃ for 4 weeks. Identification showed that G. roseum, G. virens and G. catenulatum were the dominant species amon…     

基于文献统计分析桑树研究的进展

通过对国内外各大数据库中桑树相关文献量的计量,对桑树的研究状况进行了分析。结果显示,桑叶作为家蚕饲料的传统农业模式已被打破,现已转向涉及医药、食品与保健等领域的多元化发展的桑树资源综合开发利用模式。其中,对桑树活性物质的研究由生物碱类物质转向多酚类物质和多糖类物质,桑树的抑制肿瘤和抗癌活性逐渐被重视,国内研究者对桑树的研究深度及影响力逐年提高。该结果可为桑树资源的进一步研究提供一定的参考。     

Biological Variability and Measurement Error Variability in Ocular Biometry in Samoyed Dogs

A-scan ultrasonography was performed in 40 healthy Samoyeds aged 2–5 years. Mydriasis and cycloplegia were induced in all dogs and 25 of the dogs were also sedated prior to the ultrasound examination. Five consecutive A-scans were taken on each eye and the intrasubject variance (measurement error) and true intersubject variance (true biological variation) were computed. The true biological variation was found to be of the same magnitude in both sedated and unsedated dogs, whereas the measurement errors were considerably larger in the group of unsedated dogs compared to the sedated ones. Magnitudes of the measurement errors for the anterior chamber depth and length of the vitreous body in the unsedated group were unacceptable. The sizes of the measurement errors in the sedated dogs were all within an acceptable range.     

水貂12项血清生化指标的初步检测与分析

为建立东北地区健康短毛黑水貂血液生化指标的正常参考范围,探讨雌雄水貂间各项血液生化指标的差异显著性,随机选取8月龄健康短毛黑水貂60只(♂30只、♀30只)作为试验材料,于2009年12月中旬取皮时期进行心脏采血,离心分离血清,采用AMS-18全自动生化分析仪及相关试剂盒对血清12项生化指标进行了检测与分析。结果表明:短毛黑水貂碱性磷酸酶(ALP)雌雄间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);尿酸(UA)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、甘油三酯(TG)雌雄间差异显著(P<0.05);总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量在雌雄水貂间无显著差异(P>0.05)。