海域霉菌对植物病原真菌抗性的研究

以玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢菌(Bipolaris maydis)和大豆尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为指示菌株,采用平板对峙培养法初步测定渤海海洋霉菌的抑菌活性,再用牛津杯扩散法对初筛获得的活性菌株的发酵液进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明,菌株67对玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢菌和大豆尖孢镰刀菌有很强的抑制作用,菌株32对玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢菌有较好的抑制作用。将菌株67在28℃,180 r/min条件下发酵培养66 h,生物量达到7.054 mg/mL,在54~120 h的发酵时间内,发酵液均具有抑菌活性,发酵96 h时抑菌效果最明显,对F.oxysporum和B.maydis的抑菌圈直径分别为20.3 mm和13.6 mm。同时发现,菌株67发酵液的抑菌活性不仅与发酵时间有关,而且与发酵液的pH值相关,具有明显的抑菌活性的发酵液的pH范围为4.0~5.0。     

重金属复合污染对土壤微生物生态特征的影响研究

研究重金属复合污染比单一污染更符合实际,针对土壤中重金属的复合污染在土壤微生物活性、群落结构等方面的影响、研究机理和方法以及土壤微生物生态特征在土壤修复和污染评价中的作用进行综述,并提出了建议和意见。     

二氧化硅生物荧光纳米颗粒的制备与应用

以荧光染料(联吡啶钌配合物)为核,二氧化硅为外壳制备了荧光纳米颗粒.电镜检测结果显示,合成的二氧化硅纳米颗粒粒径为(20±3)nm,分布均匀,形态规则.对荧光纳米颗粒进行生物修饰得到荧光探针,以DNA碱基配对原则为基础建立检测DNA的方法,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜研究玻片上的荧光信号和荧光强度.结果表明,该方法不仅可定量检测到4.4×10-8 mol/L的目标DNA3,而且可定性检测目标DNA3、单碱基错配DNA4及随机序列DNA5,为发展DNA检测技术提供了新的思路.     

橡胶园土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系

对海南省儋州市24个有代表性的橡胶园样地土壤酶活性与土壤肥力进行了研究。结果表明,不同胶园土壤酶活性存在很大不同,过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮和水解氮含量呈正相关关系,有的甚至达到极显著正相关;而多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性与土壤有机质,氮、磷、钾的有效性呈负相关。     

油梨开花物候的研究

研究结果表明,油梨嫁接苗在定植后第三、四年可在海南正常生长并开花,开花期一般在２月上中旬至４月上中旬;油梨小花开放两开两合,第１次开放雌蕊成熟,第２次开放雄蕊成熟,整个过程历时约２４￣３６ｈ;油梨异常花比例高,在２０％以上;有限花序仅在部分油梨品种中出现,比例很低,一般在３％以下。根据部分油梨品种的开花物候特点,确定了部分油梨授粉品种的搭配。     

花生专用叶面肥对花生根系的影响

研究结果表明,花生专用叶面肥能增加花生幼苗根长、根系体积、鲜重和干重,提高根系活力。其中以浓度为２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的处理最明显。专用叶面肥还能提高幼苗根的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量,增加花生根瘤鲜重和干重,提高根瘤固氮酶活性。     

威优46等组合高产生理基础研究初报

以威优６号作对照，研究了威优４６和汕优桂９９的净光合强度、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、粒叶比、根系活力、籽粒干物质积累规律、灌浆强度以及主穗和分蘖穗各枝梗结实率差异。结果表明：两个新组合表现出高产的生理基础。     

假蒟的研究进展

综述国内外在假蒟提取物的化学成分、药理活性如抑菌、杀虫、化感、驱避、抗氧化作用等研究进展,旨在为假蒟作为饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖业中的开发利用提供科学依据。     

Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity

Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of freeze-dried E. crinita (FdEc) and E. amentacea (FdEa) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). The major identified compounds were: amides of higher aliphatic acids (palmitoleamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, oleamide and erucamide) and related compounds, carotenoid (fucoxanthin), chlorophyll derivatives (pheophytin a and b and their derivatives) and higher terpenes (loliolide, isoamijiol with its oxidation product), β-stigmasterol and (3β,6α)-14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-diene-3,6-diol). The toxic effects observed on the less-polar fractions obtained from Ericaria species on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos could be associated with the high abundance of all five detected amides. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated by means of five independent assays, including the reduction of the radical cation (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu method. A higher antioxidant activity of E. amentacea in comparison to that of the E. crinita fractions was found with IC₅₀ concentrations of 0.072 and 1.177 mg/mL, respectively. The correlation between the activity and the chemical composition revealed that the synergistic effect of different compounds impacted their antioxidant response.     

Algal Phlorotannins as Novel Antibacterial Agents with Reference to the Antioxidant Modulation: Current Advances and Future Directions

The increasing drug resistance of infectious microorganisms is considered a primary concern of global health care. The screening and identification of natural compounds with antibacterial properties have gained immense popularity in recent times. It has previously been shown that several bioactive compounds derived from marine algae exhibit antibacterial activity. Similarly, polyphenolic compounds are generally known to possess promising antibacterial capacity, among other capacities. Phlorotannins (PTs), an important group of algae-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been considered potent antibacterial agents both as single drug entities and in combination with commercially available antibacterial drugs. In this context, this article reviews the antibacterial properties of polyphenols in brown algae, with particular reference to PTs. Cell death through various molecular modes of action and the specific inhibition of biofilm formation by PTs were the key discussion of this review. The synergy between drugs was also discussed in light of the potential use of PTs as adjuvants in the pharmacological antibacterial treatment.