Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab

During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and Russia. The most destructive of t…     

小麦纹枯病生防菌株S 024的诱变育种研究

采用5种诱变方法(紫外线、微波、LiCl,LiCl 紫外线、LiCl 紫外线 微波)对出发菌株S 024进行了诱变处理.结果表明,几种诱变方法对S 024的诱变效果差异较大,紫外线(UV)照射和LiCl处理均未能筛选到正突变菌株;微波(MV)处理(50,100 s)可选育出高效菌株,LiCl和UV复合诱变处理的效果最好,共筛选到3个高效菌株(LiU-024-1,LiU-024-4,LiU-024-9),其中LiU-024-4菌株抑菌率比出发菌株S 024提高了34.44%;连续3代转代培养,其产生抗生素的能力基本稳定.用MV对3株高效菌株再进行诱变处理,其抑菌活性基本没有提高.     

苹果采后炭疽病高效拮抗菌的筛选与应用

利用低能氮离子对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)进行注入诱变,获得诱变菌株.通过平板初筛,筛选出6株对苹果炭疽病菌有较高抑菌作用的菌株,经苹果果实活体测定从中筛选出对苹果炭疽病有较高拮抗作用的菌株BS 80-6和BS100-6.其中BS80-6在室温下的防治效果较好,14 d时的防效为33.28%,BS100-6在冷藏下的效果较好,14 d时的防效为100%.不同接种方式试验表明,拮抗菌对苹果炭疽病表现出较好的保护作用.     

枯草芽孢杆菌Ata28生防菌株诱变改良及其控病影响

采用紫外线及紫外线加氯化锂复合诱变方式对烟草赤星病有控病作用的枯草芽孢杆菌Ata28生防菌株进行诱变处理,结果经紫外线处理获得正突变菌株14株,将抑菌带最宽的突变株UV-126作遗传稳定性试验,其结果不理想.经复合诱变获得正突变菌株8株,其中突变株Uvl-199抑菌带宽由出发菌株的8.4 mm提高到9.7 mm,比出发菌株提高了15.5%,高于UV-126,且传代稳定.实验结果表明,拮抗菌Ata28菌株对紫外线及紫外线加氯化锂复合诱变均比较敏感,但紫外线加氯化锂复合诱变对拮抗菌Ata28的拮抗性能具有更好的提高作用.控病实验表明,Uvl-199比出发菌株的防治效果有较显著的提高.     

绮丽小克银汉霉对南方根结线虫卵的寄生性

利用水琼脂平板法测定分离于南方根结线虫卵囊的绮丽小克银汉霉对南方根结线虫游离卵及卵囊中的卵寄生性.结果发现,绮丽小克银汉霉对平板上游离卵的寄生性低,寄生率为21.1%;完整卵囊接种菌后,菌丝可定殖于卵囊表面,但卵囊内的卵未见被寄生.本试验对绮丽小克银汉霉作为生防菌的应用可能性进行了探讨.     

G protein signalling involved in host recognition and mycoparasitismrelated chitinase expression in Trichoderma atroviride

Mycoparasitic species of Trichoderma are commercially applied as biological control agents against various fungal pathogens. The mycoparasitic interaction is host specific and includes recognition, attack and subsequent penetration and killing of the host. Investigations on the underlying events revealed that Trichoderma responds to multiple signals from the host (e.g. lectins or other ligands such as low molecular weight components released from the host's cell wall) and host attack is ac…     

无纺布白僵菌条防治萧氏松茎象试验

2010-2011年在信丰林区开展了无纺布白僵菌条防治萧氏松茎象成虫试验。结果表明,2010．2011年试验区萧氏松茎象当年肴虫株率平均分别下降71．2％和76．7％;相对防治效果平均分别为75．0％和78．9％。这说明无纺布白僵菌条能明显抑制萧氏松茎象种群的上升。     

红树内生细菌菌株Kc-38的抗菌物质及对采后芒果炭疽病的防效

Kc-38菌株是本实验室从红树植物秋茄Kandelia candel体内分离得到的内生细菌,对峙生长法测定发现该菌株对芒果炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum等多种植物病原菌具有较强的抑制作用.根据菌体形态、培养特性、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列分析将该菌株初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.该菌株对芒果炭疽病具有良好的防效,用菌株发酵液及发酵上清液处理9d后,对采后芒果炭疽病的防效分别达到65.12%和62.79%.进一步研究表明,其分泌的胞外抗菌物质为一类对热稳定和抗紫外照射的蛋白类物质,在pH2.0～11.0范围内均具有抑菌作用,以pH2.0～8.0范围内的抗菌活性较强.     

Biological control of red rot in sugarcane by native pyoluteorin‐producing Pseudomonas putida strain NH‐50 under field conditions and its potential modes of action

BACKGROUND: Rhizobacteria have a good potential to suppress soilborne diseases, but their efficacy against sugarcane pests is rarely reported. Bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane were evaluated for their potential to suppress red rot disease on two susceptible varieties, Co‐1148 and SPF‐234, under field conditions. The strains were also characterised for the production of secondary metabolites associated with their antagonistic activity. RESULTS: One out of four strains, the Pseudomonas putida strain NH‐50 (EU627168), reduced disease severity by 44–60% in different field trials. This potent antagonistic strain produced pyoluteorin antibiotic, as confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PltB gene involved in pyoluteorin synthesis was amplified from the P. putida strain NH‐50 and sequenced. The extracellular metabolites and volatile and diffusible antibiotics secreted by the tested strains inhibited mycelial growth of Glomerella tucumensis (Speg.) Arx & E Mull in vitro by 7–55%. CONCLUSION: The pyoluteorin‐producing bacteria P. putida strain NH‐50 significantly reduced disease severity on both sugarcane varieties, irrespective of fungal inoculation, i.e. either inoculated through stem or through soil. This strain also possesses other plant growth characteristics and can be used as a biopesticide for sugarcane crop. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物根际拮抗线虫的细菌筛选

从北京22个菜区的27种蔬菜植物根表和根际土壤中分离出883个细菌分离物,在营养琼脂培养基(NA)平板上检测对目标线虫 Panagrellus redivivus 的致死率,得到10个最有效菌株,它们在接种24h 后(22℃下)对该线虫的致死率均在90%以上。这10个有效菌株对植物寄生线虫有很强的拮抗作用,在 NA 平板上仅6h 后就使北方根结线虫二龄幼虫、Xiphinemathornei,Trichodorus pakistanensis,Scutellonema clathricaudatum 和 Criconemoides profuses 的致死率达100%。在营养肉质培养基(NB)中培养48h 后的滤液及其2倍、6倍、和10倍的稀释液对根结线虫二龄幼虫有显著的致死作用。用10~9cfu·mL~(-1)的细菌悬浮液浸根后显著降低番茄的根结指数,防效达35%～82.1%。经鉴定.这10个有效菌株中8个属芽孢杆菌(Bacillusspp.),2个为不动细菌(Acinebacter spp.)。