梨小食心虫的天敌资源

对文献资料中的梨小食心虫天敌和山西太谷县主要果品产区的天敌资源进行了调查,查明梨小食心虫天敌共255种,其中,寄生性252种(中国48种),捕食性3种,分属昆虫纲(膜翅目、双翅目、缨翅目、鞘翅目)和蛛形纲(蜱螨目),共5个目20个科,具有应用潜力的天敌昆虫7种,已经成功应用于生产中的天敌昆虫5种;山西省分布共10种,均为膜翅目寄生性天敌,在太谷县分布有3种,其中,齿腿姬蜂属(Pris-tomerus sp.)和瘤姬蜂属(Pimplini sp.)可以与梨小食心虫同时羽化。     

生防菌B9601的防治效果研究

该研究测定了生防菌株B9601对29个丝状真菌抑制效果及对部分植物病害的防治作用,为了明确该菌株的作用机理,开展了抑菌活性物质的初步试验。结果表明,该菌株对大部分供试的病原真菌及木霉菌有极显著抑制作用,对食用菌污染菌的曲霉菌,棉花黄萎病菌及对食用菌平菇,裂褶菌无抑制作用,对食用菌香菇和金针菇有部分抑制作用。对辣椒疫病预防作用优于治病作用,同时早期治疗的效果优于晚期治疗效果,抑菌活性物质测定试验证明：B9601分泌的活性物质对油菜菌核病原菌和烟草赤星病病原真菌具有96%以上的抑制作用,但当温度达100℃以上0.5h,其活性明显降低。     

生防菌SF-193对空心莲子草防除效果及其影响因子的研究

摘要：在室内控制条件下，测定了SF-193菌株培养液对空心莲子草的致病力；在田间小区试验的条件下，测定了SF-193对空心莲子草的防除效果，以及不同因子对SF-193除草效果的影响程度。结果表明，SF-193培养3～5d的培养液具有最强的致病力；最佳接种体为含有菌丝体的培养液；田间有效接种浓度为10倍稀释液，室内有效接种浓度为25倍稀释液；适宜SF-193对空心莲子致病的最佳温度为25～30％；高湿条件下SF-193致病过程加快。SF-193对不同生长季节和不同生境下的空心莲子草均有较好的防除效果。     

园林菟丝子生防真菌喷施条件的研究

研究了溶睦真菌孢子萌发和温度对菌种致病性的影响。结果表明,２％蔗糖可提高细交链孢孢子的萌发率,１‰吐温能使茶褐斑拟盘多毛孢孢子提前萌发并提高萌发率,对于半裸镰孢孢子,２％蔗糖,１‰吐温和无菌水３处理间差异不显著。各菌种的致病性随温度升高而加强,半裸镰孢和细交链孢可以在相对较低的温度下实现侵染。     

生防菌剂在烟草青枯病防治中的应用

通过大田对比试验,研究了生防菌剂XE01对烟草青枯病的防治效果。结果表明,生防菌制剂XE01较目前使用的农用链霉素在防治烟草青枯病上更具优势,能有效降低烟草青枯病发病几率和发病程度,防效较72%农用硫酸链霉素提高13.39个百分点;在一定程度上提高烟叶产量和质量,产量较72%农用硫酸链霉素和空白对照区增加1.71%和7.60%,上等烟比例分别增加2.36、5.49个百分点,上中烟比例分别增加0.28、10.01个百分点,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的防效

为减少化学农药在稻田的使用,在四川新都进行了2种生物农药混配制剂〖CD*2〗甜核·苏云菌防治水稻二化螟试验和示范。结果表明：采用PB 16手动喷雾器防治试验,甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为98.0%、99.56%和99.29%,采用东〖CD*2〗18机动喷雾器喷雾示范,甜核·苏云菌对二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为96.44%、97.83%和96.69%,效果良好,可以在大面积生产中推广应用。     

化学杀菌剂和生防菌对棉花黄萎病联合作用机制研究

为了研究化学药物和生防菌对棉花黄萎病联合作用机制,将绿色木霉菌与多菌灵等化学药物结合使用,通过检测棉花过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶含量与棉花黄萎病发生之间的关系表明,绿色木霉菌与多菌灵防治棉花黄萎病有协同作用,而五氯硝基苯和利福平与绿色木霉菌则没有协同作用,从而为生物防治和化学防治的结合找到理论依据.     

根结线虫的生物防治研究进展

根结线虫分布广泛且危害严重,已成为近年来植物病虫害防治的重点。详细阐述了根结线虫的致病机理,综述了几种防治根结线虫的途径,并对其生物防治前景进行了展望。     

Assessment of Non-chemical Alternatives for Controlling the Burrowing Nematode on Banana in Costa Rica

The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.     

Meta分析评估中国木霉对枯萎病防控效果及其影响因素

由致病性尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)侵染引起的植物枯萎病是一种真菌性土传病害,对多种经济作物产生严重危害。木霉生物防治作为一种安全、环保、经济效益高且长效的防治措施已成为世界范围内的发展趋势,但其确切防效及其影响因素尚不明确。基于中国范围内研究所发表的中英文文章,运用Meta分析(元分析)方法研究了木霉对土传枯萎病的防控效果,同时分析了影响木霉防控效果的多种因素。结果表明,施用木霉在整体上对枯萎病具有显著的防控效果,其中,作物科类、木霉形式、施用方法、是否与其他方式联合及气候类型(基于大田试验)5类因素对木霉防效有显著影响;木霉种类、试验类型、木霉菌剂施用剂量和木霉菌剂施用次数对结果无显著影响。本研究结果预计能为田间高效应用木霉防控土传枯萎病提供参考。