Antipruritic activity of extracts of Humulus scandens, the combinations of bioactive flavonoids

The antipruritic effects of the ethanol fractions of Humulus scandens on the 4-AP (4-aminopyridine)-induced and chloroquine-induced scratching in ICR mice were examined. The 40% ethanol fractions of H. scandens suppressed both the 4-AP- and chloroquine-induced scratching behavior, which significantly inhibited degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cell and antigen-stimulated histamine release. Further studies proved that the 40% ethanol fractions of H. scandens decreased the content of IL4 in serum of chloroquine-induced scratching ICR mice. The results suggest that the 40% ethanol fractions of H. scandens has antipruritic effects on both antihistamine-resistant and -sensitive pruritus.     

藏山羊和藏绵羊小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的比较研究

为了探讨藏山羊和藏绵羊在低氧环境中小肠黏膜免疫屏障结构的适应特征,本试验采用组织化学方法和图像分析法对4只成年藏山羊和4只成年藏绵羊小肠不同肠段的上皮内淋巴细胞、杯状细胞和肥大细胞的数量进行比较研究。结果显示:藏山羊小肠各段杯状细胞和肥大细胞的数量均高于藏绵羊(P<0.05),其中藏山羊十二指肠、空肠和回肠的上皮内杯状细胞数量分别比藏绵羊多37.87%(P<0.05)、21.43%(P>0.05)和31.68%(P<0.05),藏山羊十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肥大细胞数量分别比藏绵羊多85.20%(P<0.05)、50.73%(P<0.05)和22.52%(P>0.05);而藏山羊小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞的数量(36.35±0.98)低于藏绵羊(48.84±2.12)(P<0.05)。结果提示,成年藏山羊的小肠黏膜免疫屏障功能强于藏绵羊;藏绵羊小肠中上皮内淋巴细胞起重要的黏膜防御功能,而在藏山羊小肠中杯状细胞和肥大细胞起重要的黏膜防御功能。     

奶牛与黄牛乳腺肥大细胞生物学性质的比较

采用组织化学染色法和免疫组织化学法对同一生理状态的黄牛与奶牛乳腺标本进行处理,比较两品种牛乳腺中肥大细胞的细胞化学性质、所产生的生物活性物质(如NO、5-HT和ER)及乳腺内含P物质(SP)的神经纤维分布特点。结果表明:两种牛乳腺中肥大细胞均为粘膜型肥大细胞,但在同一生理状态下其所产生的生物学物质不尽相同,奶牛与黄牛乳腺肥大细胞的生物学性质存在差异。     

浙江水青冈的生境与群落初步调查

浙江水青冈是我国3级保护珍稀濒危植物台湾水青冈的一个变种,发现仅分布于浙江省永嘉县四海山林场。本文报道浙江水青冈的分布、生境、群落组成结构及天然更新等。     

Attraction and antennal response of the common wasp,Vespula vulgaris (L.), to selected synthetic chemicals in New Zealand beech forests

BACKGROUND: The common wasp, Vespula vulgaris (L.), and the German wasp, Vespula germanica (F.), are significant problems in New Zealand beech forests (Nothofagus spp.), adversely affecting native birds and invertebrate biodiversity. This work was undertaken to develop synthetic attractants for these species to enable more efficient monitoring and management. RESULTS: Seven known wasp attractants (acetic acid, butyl butyrate, isobutanol, heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and 2,4‐hexadienyl butyrate) were field tested, and only heptyl butyrate and octyl butyrate attracted significantly higher numbers of wasps than a non‐baited trap. Accordingly, a series of straight‐chain esters from methyl to decyl butyrate were prepared and field tested for attraction of social wasps. Peak biological activity occurred with hexyl butyrate, heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and nonyl butyrate. Polyethylene bags emitting approximately 18.4–22.6 mg day^?1 of heptyl butyrate were more attractive than polyethylene bags emitting approximately 14.7–16.8 mg day^?1 of heptyl butyrate in the field. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies indicated that queens and workers of V. vulgaris had olfactory receptor neurons responding to various aliphatic butyrates. CONCLUSION: These results are the first to be reported on the EAG response and the attraction of social wasps to synthetic chemicals in New Zealand beech forests and will enable monitoring of social wasp activity in beech forests. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Subepidermal linear alignment of mast cells in inflammatory dermatoses of the dog

A recent study demonstrated that 47.7% of dogs with Malassezia dermatitis had a subepidermal linear alignment of mast cells (SLAM). A retrospective histopathological study was conducted on 419 canine skin biopsies to determine if a SLAM was present in other inflammatory diseases. Cases examined included dogs with demodicosis, sarcoptic mange, dermatophytosis, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, dermatomyositis, staphylococcal pyoderma, primary seborrhea, arthropod bites, contact hypersensitivity, flea bite hypersensitivity, atopy, and food hypersensitivity. Three cases (3/419, 0.7%) were identified with SLAM. The diagnoses for these cases were atopy (1/23, 4%) with a secondary bacterial folliculitis (1/136, 0.7%), pemphigus erythematosus (1/18, 6%), and discoid lupus erythematosus (1/16, 6%). Based on this study, SLAM is significantly more common in Malassezia dermatitis than in other inflammatory diseases.     

日本鳗鲡消化道肥大细胞组织化学的研究

研究日本鳗鲡（Anguilla Japonica）消化道组织中的肥大细胞组织化学性质,观察肥大细胞胞浆颗粒的异质性。采用改良甲苯胺蓝（MTB）、阿利新蓝-沙黄O（AB／SO）、甲基绿-派洛宁（MG—P）、和天青Ⅱ-伊红-瑞氏混合液等4种组化染色法。用阿利新蓝-沙黄O染色法显示日本鳗鲡消化道的肥大细胞效果较好;甲基绿-派洛宁（MG—P）、和天青Ⅱ-伊红-瑞氏混合液染色效果一般,被染的肥大细胞数量很少;改良甲苯胺蓝甚至观察不到肥大细胞。日本鳗鲡肥大细胞数量不多,主要分布于食管、胃和肠道等部位黏膜层的黏膜上皮下方、固有层结缔组织,少量分布在黏膜下层结缔组织,并且有沿血管周围分布的特点;肥大细胞体积小,且多呈圆形、椭圆形、梭形及不规则形。AB／SO染色法效果最好,适用于日本鳗鲡肥大细胞的鉴定;改良甲苯胺蓝染色法不适合于日本鳗鲡肥大细胞的鉴定。     

大豆苷元对断奶仔猪胃肠道发育的影响

试验选用3窝新生仔猪,每窝内随机分为两组:大豆苷元组和对照组,于7、9、11日龄每头仔猪分别饲喂1、2和3mg.mL-1大豆苷元脱脂乳溶液1mL或等体积脱脂乳;所有仔猪于21日龄断奶;于14、21、24和35日龄,每窝随机抽取大豆苷元组和对照组仔猪各一头称重,屠宰,称量脾脏和胸腺重;取胃底部、十二指肠前端、空肠前端用于组织形态学观察;测定空肠和回肠组织组胺以及血清皮质醇含量。结果表明:大豆苷元显著增加断奶仔猪胃底腺盐酸细胞数量(P<0.05),但对胃底腺厚度和肠绒毛高度无显著影响;大豆苷元既可以阻止断奶造成的胃底腺肥大细胞募集(P<0.05),又可以维持肥大细胞的平稳增加;此外大豆苷元还可以降低断奶后回肠组胺水平(P<0.05);皮质醇在所有采样时间都无显著差异,说明大豆苷元对肥大细胞和组胺的作用可能与皮质醇无关;除35日龄大豆苷元组胸腺重高于对照组(P<0.05)外,大豆苷元对断奶仔猪胸腺和脾脏质量无显著影响。     

小鼠急性缺氧后心肌肥大细胞的变化

应用组织化学方法对对照组、缺氧组、雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠心肌肥大细胞的数量、活性及组化性质作了研究.结果表明,缺氧组小鼠肥大细胞和脱颗粒数目均极显著地高于同期对照组和雌激素预处理缺氧组(P<0.01),随着急性缺氧时间的延长,缺氧组小鼠肥大细胞和脱颗粒也呈直线上升趋势.雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠的肥大细胞和脱颗粒极显著地低于同期缺氧组(P<0.01),而显著高于同期对照组(P<0.05).AB-S染色显示,心肌肥大细胞多数为黏膜肥大细胞,少数为结缔组织肥大细胞.试验结果为:肥大细胞参与急性缺氧造成心肌损伤的病理过程,雌激素对心肌缺氧损伤有保护作用.