试论政府运行机制创新中的薄弱环节及其成因

本文认为，而对当今中国改革与发展的历史性转变，政府运行机制创新中的决策机制创新滞后、协调机制创新弱化、监督约束机制创新乏力和应急处理机制创新迟缓等问题十分突出。而国家公务员思想观念和政府运行机制创新制度化的滞后，以及公共行政体制改革的不到位则是其主因。     

胶东半岛棕壤区域主要农业土壤中元素环境背景值

在胶东半岛棕壤区域共采集435个上样,测定了铜、锌、铅、镉、鎳、砷、鉻、汞8种元素;土壤剖面各层加测了钛元素,共取得4459个数据。对所取得的数据进行数理統计,获得本区粗骨棕壤、棕壤和草甸棕壤三个亞类的8种元素环境背景值。分析了該区域成上母质与土壤化学元素环境背景值的相关性和化学元素在剖面上的分布特征。     

土壤地质背景对南丰蜜桔果实品质的影响

本研究在实地调查和采样分析的基础上，对南丰蜜桔原产与引种地的土壤地质背景条件进行了比较，分析了原产地与引种地之间果实品质差异的原因，还研究了南丰蜜桔树体各部位中各种元素与土壤中相应元素的关系。     

Meiosis and fertility in interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. ×N. glauca Grah. and their derivatives

Nicotiana glauca is of potential interest to breeders as it carries resistance to black root rot of tobacco. Cytological investigations of sexual interspecific hybrids of N. tabacum T′T′TT (2n = 4x = 48) cv. ‘Wiślica’ × N. glauca GG (2n = 2x = 24) were carried out. The analyses of chromosome association at diakinesis and metaphase I in the PMCs of amphihaploid F₁ T′TG (2n = 3x = 36) revealed low variable pairing with 0–5 bivalents. The sterile amphihaploids F₁ were converted into partial female fertile amphidiploids T′T′TTGG by chromosome doubling. Among 36 mature plants obtained, 15 were found to have chromosome numbers (2n = 6x = 72) and were verified as amphidiploids, 9 had (2n = 6x = 70 or 71) chromosomes while the remaining 12 were haploid. True amphidiploids, in spite of quite high chromosome pairing during meiosis, were very different in pollen fertility, ranging from 0% to 85%. Male fertility disturbances did not correlate with the degree of female fertility upon pollination with N. tabacum. Sesquidiploids T′TG (2n = 5x = 60) obtained from backcrossing the amphidiploids to parental tobacco showed more than 22 bivalents, 10–12 univalents and occasional multivalents that indicated the possibility of interchange events between N. tabacum and N. glauca genomes.     

基于城乡差异的韶关市城乡一体化研究

介绍统筹城乡一体化的时代背景和推进城乡一体化现实意义,然后通过数据收集,对韶关市城乡差异进行比较分析,采用城市化水平、城乡居民收入差异系数、人均GDP、城乡居民恩格尔系数、二元对比系数指标对韶关市城乡一体化现状进行了测算,判断其城乡一体化实现程度。得出目前韶关市城乡二元结构明显,尚处于二元结构向城乡一体化过渡前期,城乡一体化任务艰巨。最后提出推进韶关市城乡一体化的措施。     

多倍体无籽罗汉果及其亲本遗传背景的ISSR分析

 应用ISSR分子标记探讨多倍体无籽罗汉果及其亲本材料的遗传背景。结果发现：多倍体无籽罗汉果及其亲本的相似性系数为0.6399 ~ 0.8566,F₁代与四倍体母本之间的平均相似性系数高于其与二倍体父本之间的相似性系数,说明子代从母本继承的遗传物质更多,遗传上倾向母本。且F₁代与亲本之间的平均遗传相似性系数大于或小于亲本之间,随亲本的组合和相应的F₁代而定;结合聚类图和双变量主坐标分析,可知：基本上子代和母本排列并聚在一起,而且父本、母本、子代彼此之间距离相对较近地聚在一起;因此还是体现了“子似亲”的遗传现象。     

Background pollination in Pinus sylvestris seed orchards

The proportion of background pollen grains in the seed crops of two Pinus sylvestris seed orchards in Central Finland was estimated with the aid of multilocus allozyme markers. The orchards studied were more than 30 years old and in full pollen production. For the bulked seed crops of the seed orchard with southern clones the estimated average of background pollination over four years was 26%. There were statistically significant differences between years. No significant heterogeneity in the degree of background pollination between clones was found. Among single ramets there was significant heterogeneity in the estimated contamination rates, but the variation was not related to position in the orchard. For the seed orchard with northern clones the bulked seed crop was studied only for one year and the level of background pollination was found to be 33 %. These estimates are fairly high, but lower than for many other orchards. Background pollination at this level will cause losses in expected genetic gains. Part of the seeds from northern orchards will not be adapted to the intended area of use.     

Evaluation of calibrated passive sampling for quantifying ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials with slurry application

Background

There is a great need for simple and inexpensive methods to quantify ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials. However, methods that meet these criteria have to be thoroughly validated. In the calibrated passive sampling approach, acid traps placed in the center of quadratic plots absorb ammonia, enabling relative comparisons between plots. To quantify ammonia emissions, these acid trap samplings are scaled by means of a transfer coefficient (TC) obtained from simultaneous measurements with the dynamic tube method (DTM). However, dynamic tube measurements are also comparatively costly and time-consuming.

Aims

Our objective was to assess the best practice for using calibrated passive sampling in multi-plot field trials. One particular challenge in such experiments is to evaluate the influence of ammonia drift between plots.

Methods

In a series of eight multi-plot field trials, acid traps and DTM were used simultaneously on all plots to measure ammonia emissions caused by different slurry application techniques. Data obtained by both methods were correlated, and the influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background on both methods was evaluated by comparing net values, including the subtraction of the background with gross values (no background subtraction). Finally, we provide recommendations for calculating a TC for calibrating relative differences between plots, based on simultaneous acid trap and dynamic tube measurements on selected plots.

Results

Treatment mean values obtained by both methods correlated well. For most field trials, R² values between 0.6 and 0.8 were obtained. Ammonia background concentrations affected both methods. Drift between plots contributed to the background for the acid traps, whereas the contamination of the chamber system might have caused the background for the DTM. Treatments with low emissions were comparatively more affected by that background.

Conclusion

For a robust application of calibrated passive sampling, we recommend calculating the TC based on a treatment with high ammonia emissions, reducing the relative influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background.     

基于改进YOLOv5的甘蔗茎节识别方法

针对甘蔗智能切种机作业过程中背景杂乱导致茎节识别精度低等问题,提出了基于改进YOLOv5的一种甘蔗茎节识别方法。采用跨层级连接的方式优化颈部结构,增强不同层级间的信息融合能力;同时改进模型损失函数,一方面引入EIoU损失函数代替原始CIoU损失函数,提高边界框回归精度,另一方面利用Focal loss损失函数替换交叉熵损失函数,解决正负样本比例不均衡问题;最后引入Ghost模块轻量化网络模型。试验结果表明,本研究提出的模型相较于原模型,平均精度值提高了1.4个百分点,达97.80%,单张检测时间为16.9ms,模型大小仅11.40 Mb,实现了在不同杂乱程度场景下的甘蔗茎节识别,降低了切种时背景杂乱产生的影响。     

文学天宇中一道夺目的闪电——论寻根文学

20世纪80年代出现的寻根文学是新时期文学发展的一次重要探索。它对于新时期文学的意义是巨大而深远的。它提供了政治话语写作以外的另一种写作范式,指明了小说可以朝着无限广阔的文化领域进军,召唤着作家大胆借鉴新的创作资源。当它为后人提供可资借鉴的学术资源时,也存在着许多不足。文中主要从“寻根文学”的渊源、背景、理论、作家作品及所受到的外来影响等多方面试图对寻根文学做一次较为全面的梳理和把握。