再生稻田节肢动物群落的研究

本文通过田间系统调查所获得的数据和资料，记述了再生稻田和连作稻田节肢动物群落的种类组成和时间动态，测定了再生稻田和连作稻田节肢动物群落各营养层的优势集中性和主要种类的优势度以及群落的多样性和均匀性，为再生稻田害虫的综合治理提供科学依据．     

福州郊区稻田节肢动物群落的结构和动态

利用1986年4-11月在福建省福州市的田间调查资料。研究稻田节肢动物群落的生境分化和时间动态.结果表明:(1)由于生态环境、稻田类型及稻季不同,稻田节肢动物群落的种类组成、个体数量、Simpson 的优势集中性指数有差异;(2)在水稻生长发育的不同时期,稻田节肢动物的主要种类以及 Berger-Parker 的优势度不一样,群落的物种数目及常见害虫的种群数量也有变化.     

Corneal ulceration in a dog following exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.)

Objective – To describe a case of corneal ulceration in a dog resulting from ocular exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.). Case Summary – A 4‐year‐old, male Chihuahua in southeastern Louisiana presented to an emergency veterinary hospital approximately 20 hours after it was witnessed to have come in close proximity to a walkingstick insect. Within seconds of approaching the insect, the dog yelped, jumped backwards and developed lacrimation, blepharospasm, and periocular swelling of the left eye. Upon presentation, the dog was found to have blepharospasms and miosis of the left eye. Fluorescein stain was applied to the affected eye and diffuse corneal uptake of stain was noted. A diffuse superficial corneal ulceration was diagnosed and treated supportively with ocular flushing, topical antibiotics, ocular lubrication, and a 1% solution of ocular atropine, as well as systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. Clinical signs resolved 10 days after injury. New or Unique Information Provided – While most species of walkingstick insects are considered harmless, certain species in the southeastern United States have the ability to spray defensive venom at their predators. Upon ocular exposure to the venom, the victim may experience intense pain followed by blurred vision, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. To date, there is only 1 previous reported case of ocular exposure to walkingstick venom in a dog although both children and animals may be at higher risk for ocular exposure due to their curious nature and proximity in size to the insect. Superficial corneal and conjunctival damage can occur following direct exposure to the defensive chemical spray of the Northern and Southern Twostriped walkingstick insects found in the southeastern United States and may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases involving diffuse corneal ulceration.     

模拟增雨条件下沙质草地地表植被和节肢动物群落变化特征

以宁夏荒漠草原区沙质草地为研究对象, 设置对照、增雨20%、40%、60%、100% 5种处理样地, 通过调查土壤、植被及地面节肢动物群落特征, 初步分析了地表植被和节肢动物群落对当年模拟降雨变化的响应规律。结果表明, 1)在增雨试验前, 不同处理样地间土壤理化性质、地表植被个体数、类群数和平均高度以及地面节肢动物个体数和类群数均未出现显著差异(P0.05), 说明试验样地设置的相似性和试验方法可行。2)模拟降雨处理后, 地表植物丰富度受降雨处理的影响较小, 而在秋季, 地表植物个体数表现为增雨40%样地显著低于对照样地(P0.05), 植物平均高度表现为增雨20%和40%样地显著低于对照样地(P0.05)。3)模拟降雨处理后, 地面节肢动物个体数受降雨处理的影响较小, 而在秋季地面节肢动物类群数表现为增雨20%、60%和100%样地显著高于对照样地(P0.05)。研究表明, 基于影响因子设置不同处理试验样地需综合考虑土壤、植被和节肢动物特征, 地面植被个体数和高度以及地面节肢动物类群数对降雨处理响应更为敏感, 并存在一定的时滞性。     

稻田中性昆虫多样性及其生态功能分析

以广东省四会市大沙镇水稻害虫综合防治稻作区为试验基地 ,用吸虫器法采样 ,对稻田节肢动物群落中的中性昆虫、捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌与害虫进行了系统调查。在整个稻田节肢动物群落中 ,稻田中性昆虫物种丰富度的比例 ,在早稻和晚稻分别为 1 6 .98%和 6 .82 % ;而其数量比例为 :早稻 73.6 1 %、晚稻 37.94 %。稻田中捕食性天敌亚群落的发生与重建比水稻害虫亚群落发展快 ,前者在水稻生长发育前期主要依赖于稻田中的中性昆虫重建其亚群落     

森林-草原交错带人工林与次生林土壤节肢动物 群落结构及时空变化

在河北北部的森林-草原交错区，对人工林和次生林的土壤节肢动物群落结构的时空变化进行了调查。结果表明：蜱螨目和弹尾目在所调查的样地中为常年的优势类群；土壤节肢动物类群数随夏秋春季节的变化逐渐减少，个体数秋季最多，春季最少，夏季次之；大型和中小型土壤节肢动物类群数和个体数在不同林地中的变化规律不同。不同地带次生林中的土壤节肢动物数量大于人工林，而且多样性也高于人工林；交错区不同生态环境土壤节肢动物的类群数和个体数的垂直分布都随着土层深度的增加呈递减趋势，且表聚性非常明显。但有的样地土壤节肢动物的个别层次有逆层的现象     

人为干扰对马尾松林节肢动物多样性及其林分健康的影响

2009年5月-2010年11月,通过对不同人为干扰程度马尾松林分节肢动物多样性进行调查和分析.结果表明,随着干扰的加剧,群落的物种数量、多样性和均匀度降低,而优势集中性增加;捕食性和植食性功能团个体数量增加明显,中性功能团则显著降低.重度干扰条件下,标准地存在主要害虫间歇性成灾,表明在人为活动干扰下马尾松林分抗虫能力...     

森林-草原交错带人工林与次生林土壤节肢动物 群落结构及时空变化

在河北北部的森林-草原交错区,对人工林和次生林的土壤节肢动物群落结构的时空变化进行了调查。结果表明:蜱螨目和弹尾目在所调查的样地中为常年的优势类群;土壤节肢动物类群数随夏秋春季节的变化逐渐减少,个体数秋季最多,春季最少,夏季次之;大型和中小型土壤节肢动物类群数和个体数在不同林地中的变化规律不同。不同地带次生林中的土壤节肢动物数量大于人工林,而且多样性也高于人工林;交错区不同生态环境土壤节肢动物的类群数和个体数的垂直分布都随着土层深度的增加呈递减趋势,且表聚性非常明显。但有的样地土壤节肢动物的个别层次有逆层的现象。     

Bartonellae are Prevalent and Diverse in Costa Rican Bats and Bat Flies

Species in the bacterial genus, Bartonella, can cause disease in both humans and animals. Previous reports of Bartonella in bats and ectoparasitic bat flies suggest that bats could serve as mammalian hosts and bat flies as arthropod vectors. We compared the prevalence and genetic similarity of bartonellae in individual Costa Rican bats and their bat flies using molecular and sequencing methods targeting the citrate synthase gene (gltA). Bartonellae were more prevalent in bat flies than in bats, and genetic variants were sometimes, but not always, shared between bats and their bat flies. The detected bartonellae genetic variants were diverse, and some were similar to species known to cause disease in humans and other mammals. The high prevalence and sharing of bartonellae in bat flies and bats support a role for bat flies as a potential vector for Bartonella, while the genetic diversity and similarity to known species suggest that bartonellae could spill over into humans and animals sharing the landscape.