大扁杏幼树雌蕊发育和结果规律

连续5 a对6-8 a生大扁杏幼树的开花和结果情况进行了研究,结果表明果枝长度对大扁杏幼树的雌蕊发育和坐果率有显著的影响,长果枝上的花比其它类型果枝发育好,坐果率较高.花的发育状况与坐果率之间有一定的相关关系,大扁杏子房正常发育的比例较低.     

固原市东部退耕区山桃、山杏嫁接技术

通过山桃、山杏嫁接试验,总结出山桃、山杏高接换头有效方法,为固原市东部乃至全市山桃、山杏退耕区域培育后续产业探索路径。     

植物生长调节剂PP333对凯特杏生长效应研究

凯特杏幼树营养生长旺盛,单一靠修剪技术难以实现早期结果丰产,在科学合理修剪的基础上,应用植物生长抑制剂PP333进行调控,结果表明凯特杏施用PP333后,新梢长度明显降低,粗度增加减缓,节间短,花芽数明显增加,单果质量增加明显,单株产量显著增加;施用植物生长抑制剂PP333能促进凯特杏幼树由营养生长向生殖生长转化,提高产量和经济效益.     

杏果实成熟期糖酸和色素物质含量的分析

以2个仁用杏和8个鲜食杏品种为试验材料,测定了果实成熟期果肉可溶性总糖、还原糖和可滴定酸,果肉和果皮花色苷、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮的含量。根据鲜食杏品种果肉的颜色,将其分为白色果肉组、黄色果肉组和橙黄色果肉组,比较了不同颜色果肉组间糖酸和色素物质含量的差异,并对果肉颜色与各指标间进行了相关性分析。结果表明:仁用杏品种果肉可溶性总糖含量低于鲜食杏,而可滴定酸含量高于鲜食杏;二者间还原糖含量无显著差异。花色苷仅分布于红色杏品种的果皮组织。除花色苷外,不同杏品种间,仁用杏品种果肉和果皮色素物质含量均高于鲜食杏品种;同一杏品种中,果皮色素物质含量均高于果肉。鲜食杏不同颜色果肉组间果肉可溶性总糖、可滴定酸和类胡萝卜素含量差异显著。果肉颜色与果肉类胡萝卜素含量极显著相关(r=0.872),与果肉叶绿素、类黄酮和糖酸含量则无显著相关性。     

Significance of fruit transpiration on calcium nutrition in developing apricot fruit

The first objective of this study was to search for a possible correlation between accumulation of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) and fruit transpiration in developing apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruit. Secondly, the work aimed to determine the significance of transpirational flux on Ca nutrition. We hypothesized that if the fruit transpiration is the determining factor of Ca accumulation (phloem‐immobile element) then the import of Ca would be suppressed by restriction of fruit water loss, while the import of phloem‐mobile nutrients (i.e., K and Mg) would not be. To test this hypothesis, the seasonal changes of transpiration and of Ca, K, and Mg concentration/accumulation were assessed in fruits left to naturally transpire or under restricted transpiration (bagged fruits). Fruit transpiration was measured on detached fruits using a portable gas‐exchange equipment (ADC‐LCA4, ADC BioScientific Ltd, Hoddesdon, England). Results demonstrated that 83% of total fruit Ca content was gained within the first 4 weeks after fruit‐set, and that Ca import ceased concomitantly to a reduction of transpiration. In spite of the limitation of fruit transpiration, Ca entered the nontranspiring fruits, and its concentration was about 45% of that in control fruits suggesting that other factor(s) operated for Ca accumulation. This study provides the evidence that fruit transpiration accounted for 55% of total Ca that entered a fruit. We conclude that optimal soil Ca availability and apportioning to the fruit during the early 4 weeks of growth are essential to sustain the fruit demand of this nutrient and that some cultural practices (e.g., summer pruning, irrigation) should be tested as possible tools to improve fruit Ca nutrition via increasing fruit transpiration.     

RFLP variability in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

The level of polymorphism of the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by 33 almond genomic and cDNA probes was studied in a set of 52 European and North-American apricot cultivars. Eighteen of these probes were polymorphic and yielded a total of 48 scorable bands, allowing the identification of 45 different phenotypes. Most cultivars (43) had an individually distinguishable RFLP phenotype, and three of the five clusters with the same phenotype contained cultivars that were likely to be synonymous. The group of Spanish cultivars (25) had a lower level of polymorphism than the others, suggesting that bottlenecks may have occurred in the recent history of the apricot that have eroded its genetic variability.     

Inheritance of resistance to plum pox potyvirus (PPV) in 'Stella' apricot seedlings

Resistance to sharka (plum pox potyvirus) was studied in 74 seedlings resulting from open pollination of the resistant apricot cultivar ‘Stella’. Each seedling was inoculated at the base by a chip-bud from a diseased GF305 peach tree. To follow tlie spread of virus into the scedlings. a Chip-bud of a healthy GF305 and another from a healthy sensitive Manicot apricot were grafted above the inoculation point in the order described. Six observations of symptoms were made in the leaves of the GF305 used For inoculation, the GF305-control, the Manicot-control and the ‘Stella’ seedlings during four growth cycles. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to the leaves of the ‘Stella’ seedlings. No ‘Stella’ seedling showed symptoms of sharka. Only three seedlings reacted positively to the ELISA. Substantial differences were observed in the speed of virus propagation through the ‘Stella’ seedlings, some of them showing a strong resistance to virus translocation. The possible use of the ‘Stella’ cultivar in apricot breeding programmes to obtain resistant cultivars is discussed.     

应用植苗袋法进行坡地山杏造林试验

植苗袋法栽植山杏试验,是半干旱地区造林新技术研究的主要内容。试验表明,植苗袋造林法平均提高造林成活率29.3个百分点;在造林后的14个月调查,平均地径生长量增加86%,平均高生长量增加69%,平均根径生长量增加31%,平均总根长生长量增加37%,平均根系数量增加55%。     

白于山山区大扁杏生产中的问题分析

陕北白于山山区以大扁杏为主开展了仁用杏基地建设,但大扁杏开花不结果,经济效益差.通过多年的调查和监测认为该区大扁杏生产中存在的主要问题是花期、幼果期霜冻频繁且强度较重,易冻花冻果;选择的主栽品种为龙王帽,树体生长量小,开花早且花期短,不抗霜冻;大多数杏园建立在南坡坡地上,培育的树形以开心形为主,树体的结果部位较低,选留的结果枝为花束状果枝和短果枝,开花早、花期短且集中,不易躲避霜冻等.建议该区积极选育开花晚、抗霜冻的大扁杏品种,加强栽培管理,同时建立以山杏为主的仁用杏生产基地.     

中国普通杏种质资源若干生物学性状的频度分布

对华北、中亚和准噶尔—外伊犁3个生态地理群的520余份中国杏种质资源部分生物学性状进行了田间试验和野外考察。结果表明: ①中国杏三大生态地理群品种、类型或株系自交坐果率平均值均≤2.0% , 自交不亲和及部分自交不亲和株率均> 90% , 总体上表现为自交不亲和, 但同时也发现了个别自交结实率高(9.9%～18.0% ) 的自交亲和种质; ②3个生态地理群败育花比率均在40%以上, 变异系数均在50%以上, 而就某一品种来讲, 其败育花率相对稳定; ③油杏性状在中亚生态地理群品种中的频度高达76.6% , 而其它两个生态地理群皆为毛杏; ④相对于伊犁野杏(平均单果质量8.2 g) 和中亚品种群(23.2 g) , 大果性状在华北生态地理群中为优势性状(51.4 g) ; ⑤三大生态地理群离核的比率均高于粘核比率, 野杏类型的离核频度高达94.6% , 而华北杏仅为58.8%; ⑥可溶性固形物含量以中亚杏最高(18.5% ) , 而华北杏在华北(13.1% ) 和新疆(16.1% ) 两地有极显著性差异, 说明这一性状是典型的数量性状, 易受环境影响; ⑦伊犁野杏、中亚杏及华北杏甜仁比率分别为0.9%、93.1%和44.4%。对人为选择和自然选择在部分性状的起源与演化中的作用进行了探讨。