川西干旱河谷林草植被建设科学考察报告

阐述了川西干旱河谷现有治理状况 ,存在问题 ,提出了治理该区的措施和发展农业经济的建议。     

Salinity Effects on Germination of Artemisia herba–alba Asso: Important Pastoral Shrub from North African Rangelands

Artemisia herba–alba Asso (known in Arabic as Shih) is an evergreen aromatic shrub endemic in North African rangelands with high pastoral and medicinal relevance. The present work was designed to determine the effect of four soluble salts (NaCl, Na₂SO₄, MgCl₂, and CaCl₂) on germination of A. herba–alba seeds. Four concentrations (0, 50, 10, and 150 mM) of each salt were used to test the influence of salinities on germination percentage (GP), rate of germination (RG), and germination tolerance index (GTI %). The experiment was conducted in a controlled incubator with a 12h–photoperiod under 15°C dark/25°C light. The results showed that both GP and (RG) decreased significantly with salinity, and the highest GP was observed in the distilled water control (~ 80%). The germination tolerance index (GTI %) revealed that A. herba–alba seeds were more tolerant to CaCl₂ than other soluble salts. Comparatively, at high salt concentrations, MgCl₂ and Na₂SO₄ were generally the most toxic salts followed by NaCl and CaCl₂. The germination of A. herba–alba over a wide range of soluble salts suggests that this species can establish in salt-degraded soils. Therefore, this species appears a promising candidate for the rehabilitation of rangeland with saline soils.     

华北农牧交错带畜牧业外部经济效应解析

针对华北农牧交错带畜牧业现状与问题,选择代表性村庄,采用生产调查方法,对区域畜牧业外部经济效应进行了解析。结果表明,华北农牧交错区畜牧业是转化农业副产品、无偿利用草场、以残屑食物链增值和环境外部效益支撑的“数量”型畜牧业。通过降低日粮标准的“七成饱”饲养方式增加了近四成的载畜规模。畜牧业外部性表现为草地过牧、农田过收,草地是外部不经济性的主要承担者。放牧条件下以青玉米为代表的人工饲草投入,更大程度上加剧草地超载。低效畜牧业的扩张是建立在经济负外部性基础之上。依据畜牧业表象提出将区域畜牧业发展为第一产业主导产业是不切实际的。通过建立生态补偿机制、发展高效替代产业的途径解决区域畜牧业外部性问题值得探讨。     

山地草原旱作老芒麦研究

在阿拉善右旗南部山地干旱草原选择较好地块开荒引种老芒麦，经三年小区试验和大田推广广，结果表明，不施肥灌水，老芒麦能够完成整个生育期，表现抗旱并生长良好。丰年产干草１７７７ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，三年平均产草１１５４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，比天然草地增产４倍。若当地６６０多公顷料似地带全部耕翻种植，将大大缓解干旱山区的草畜矛盾。     

蜂胶抗烟草病原真菌的研究

用蜂胶溶液进行体外抑菌实验表明 ,蜂胶对引起烟草赤星病的链格孢菌和引起黑茎病的烟草疫霉菌的真菌有明显的抑制作用     

Spatial occupancy patterns and activity of arid rangeland cattle grazing small riparian pastures

The spatial occupancy patterns and activity of cattle grazing three riparian pastures was investigated in northeastern Oregon using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars logging at 1‐sec intervals. Cattle consistently selected plant communities as grazing areas that had forage in sufficient volume to meet their requirements and favored communities as resting areas that were dry and open. Cattle were stationary for more than 50% of the time in each pasture and consistently rested between dark and 04:00 hours. Interaction with stream channels was found to be 1‐2% of total occupancy time and occurred on less than 10% of channel length. Cattle were indifferent or avoided channel areas relative to their area and, when in this zone, they spent most of their time moving not resting. Cattle did not prefer the stream bank zone and spent only 2% of their time in that zone. When occupied, the stream bank zone was used as a travel corridor to gain access to water or cross the channel to access other pasture areas. These results are in contrast with the general belief that cattle are a primary occupant of the stream bank/channel area; additional research is needed to define factors influencing cattle occupancy.     

甘肃陇南地震扰动区植被群落特征

地震扰动对当地生态环境造成极大的破坏,引起植被群落种类组成、群落结构的变化,本研究采用样带结合海拔梯度的方法,于2013年8-9月,调查和研究了甘肃陇南武都区清水沟植被群落的种类组成、群落结构受地震扰动后的现状。结果表明,研究区内共发现34种植物,分属16科30属,主要以禾本科和菊科植物为主,群落垂直结构明显,大体分为3层;植物群落中多年生草本植物种类最多,是优势生活型,其次是灌木、藤本,无乔木分布;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(E)表现为中坡位>下坡位>上坡位,Simpson优势度指数(D)表现为上坡位>下坡位>中坡位。     

甘肃省草业可持续发展策略刍议

甘肃省发展草业具有土地、气候、生物和劳力优势。根据4个生态经济区的特点,分别讨论了草业发展与生态建设的关系。牧区生态保护与草业开发和草地畜牧业的产业更新;河西农区草畜产品生产和荒漠生态系统保护;河东黄土高原区保持水土与草畜产业链延伸;特别是甘肃省陇南山区最适于发展包括生物柴油的新型生物产业。