苹果花脸病田间病情发展及ASSVd在组培条件下的传播

为了明确苹果锈果类病毒（apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd）引起的苹果花脸病在田间的病情发展情况以及ASSVd在组培条件下的传播方式,2012—2015年对河北省顺平南神南村3个果园进行持续调查和检测。结果显示,果园A、B、C的显症率分别从3.00%、19.35%和10.00%上升至10.00%、34.41%和22.00%,带毒率分别从11.00%、20.43%和14.00%上升至23.00%、37.63%和30.00%,带毒率和显症率都逐年增加,而且带毒率大于显症率,即有些带毒果树不显症。发病果树田间分布有明显的发病中心。通过高通量测序发现显症果树ASSVd vsiRNA reads数是带毒未显症reads数的4.08倍,同时实时荧光定量PCR检测发现显症树ASSVd病毒积累量显著高于带毒未显症树。以携带ASSVd的组培苗和无毒组培苗为试材,利用RT-PCR检测明确了ASSVd可通过伤口沾染带毒汁液、组培剪污染、含毒培养基、根系接触进行传播,其中根系接触传染率较高。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

汽车变速器齿轮修形仿真分析

汽车变速器的关键部件齿轮因其加工和装配质量的影响,工作时容易引起振动噪声大及承载能力降低等问题,而齿轮修形是解决这些问题的有效方法,且成本较低。针对某款汽车变速器,利用Romax对齿轮进行修形分析。结果表明,修形后减小了齿轮的传动误差和最大接触应力,齿面载荷分布更加合理。有效改善了齿轮的传动性能,增加了齿轮寿命。     

Serologic and molecular survey for major viral pathogens in grazing hybrid wild boars in Northeast China

Hybrid wild boar husbandry is an important component of livestock production in Northeast China. However, the current disease situation of these animals is largely unknown due to a lack of disease surveillance. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of several important viral diseases in the hybrid wild boar population of Northeast China. Between September 2015 to December 2016, 169 blood and 61 tissue samples were collected from apparently healthy hybrid wild boars from farms in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang provinces. ELISA detected serum antibodies against classical swine fever virus(CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), pseudorabies virus(PRV), porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), but not against African swine fever virus(ASFV), with PCV2 having the highest seropositive rate(87.2–100% in different farms). RT-PCR or PCR performed on the processed samples detected only PCV2, with 33.1%(56/169) of blood samples and 32.8%(20/61) of spleen samples being positive, respectively, indicating widespread PCV2 infection in hybrid wild boars. Phylogenetic analysis of 15 PCV2 ORF2 sequences showed that they belong to genotypes PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d, with nucleotide and deduced amino acid homologies of 88.5–100% and 88.1–100%, respectively.     

蚜虫的取食排蜜与繁殖行为概述

蚜虫行为包括取食行为、繁殖行为、防御行为、社群行为等,本文概述了蚜虫取食行为、排蜜行为、繁殖行为。指出通过对蚜虫取食、排蜜、繁殖行为的研究可以更好地了解其行为发生机制和方式等,为蚜虫的综合治理提供理论基础。     

不同植物上桃蚜两种体色生物型的DNA多态性研究

用微卫星引物PCR方法分析了烟草、油菜、甘蓝3种不同寄主植物上桃蚜Myzus persica(Sulzer)红、 绿两种体色生物型的DNA多态性。结果表明:①来自不同寄主植物上的同一体色生物型个体之间的遗传关系 近于不同体色生物型个体之间的遗传关系。两种生物型内个体之间比较,红色生物型个体之间的遗传关系近 于绿色生物型个体之间的遗传关系。②来自3种不同寄主植物上的同一色型桃蚜个体中,其中同为十字花科 的甘蓝和油菜上的红色桃蚜或绿色桃蚜之间的遗传关系近于来自茄科寄主烟草上的红色桃蚜或绿色桃蚜。 ③3种寄毛上的红色桃蚜和绿色桃蚜的遗传关系相对较远,但并不明显,处于连续过渡状态。     

新型农药对抗虫棉田棉蚜防治效果研究

在转Bt基因抗虫棉田,对8种防治棉蚜的新型农药进行了药效试验.结果表明,莫比朗、吡虫啉对棉蚜防效较好,施药后1~10 d的防效分别为90.9%~98.7%和90.9%~94.6%,其中莫比朗的防治效果最好,不但活性高,见效快,且持效期长,有效控制期达15 d以上;好年冬、丙溴磷和高渗吡虫啉也表现出较好的防治效果;氧乐果、氯氰菊酯防效较差.     

Research and Design of Hydro-mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission for Tractors

The working condition of tractors is bad, and the outside load fluctuation is frequent. All that require engine or transmission to change revolution speed and torque timely to accommodate the variation of load and motion resistance, and ensure the dynamic…     

水稻籽粒直链淀粉含量非破坏性活体测定方法研究

对533份杂交稻和常规稻材料的糙米和精米直链淀粉含量进行化学分析,并结合近红外透射光谱数据,采用改进偏最小二乘法（MPLS）分别建立糙米、精米的直链淀粉含量（AC）预测定标模型,并对其进行内部和外部验证.结果表明,杂交稻糙米及精米模型的定标相关系数（RSQ）分别为0.873和0.922,常规稻糙米及精米模型的RSQ则分别为0.924和0.939,定标标准偏差（SEC）分别为1.100,0.956,1.537,1.547;内部交叉验证预测值和真实值之间的RSQ分别为0.866,0.901,0.892和0.921,外部验证的RSQ分别为0.9506,0.9352,0.9116,0.9180,所建模型的相关性较高,预测值与真实值之间的误差小.常规稻模型可应用于大量育种材料快速、无损的早代筛选,杂交稻模型可用于新组合直链淀粉含量的快速鉴定,促进稻米品质改良,提高育种效率.     

棉蚜测报与综合防治专家系统

“棉蚜测报与综合防治专家系统”是由知识库（ＫｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅＢａｓｅ）、推理机（ＩｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅＥｎｇｉｎｅ）、数据库（ＤａｔａＢａｓｅ）和用户接口（ＵｓｅｒＩｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ）４部分组成。专家系统将有关棉蚜的知识编写成一条条规则存储在知识库内。推理机根据用户提供的信息和知识库中的规则进行推理,一旦虫害蔓延,专家系统会根据棉蚜数量生态模型作出判断,把测报和防治方法提供给农户。