人工合成gna基因在小麦中的表达及其抗蚜虫效果研究

利用经密码子优化的、人工合成雪花莲凝集素(Galanthusnivalisagglutinin),gna基因及RbcS启动子构建了高效特异表达载体pBAC202,通过基因枪轰击小麦幼胚和幼穗,将外源gna基因导入到3个高产小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)品种中,获得42个转基因后代株系。对转基因后代植株进行了DNA点杂交、PCR及PCR-Southern验证,确认外源gna基因已成功地整合到小麦基因组中。进一步的凝集素活性检测表明,小麦叶片中表达的凝集素可使红细胞凝集,并具有正常的生物学活性。转基因植株在人工饲养条件下进行抗蚜虫(Rhopalosiphumpadi)试验,蚜口密度抑制率从19%～73%不等,部分株系抑虫效果较好。利用转基因的方式可将外源抗虫基因gna导入到小麦中,并可有效地增强小麦的抗蚜能力,为选育具抗虫特性的优质小麦提供新的途径。     

流媒体应用技术浅谈

通过北京市顺义电视台(顺广传媒网),在WEB视频流媒体点播工程中的实际应用,探讨在广电行业节目生产过程中,使用流媒体技术需要克服的技术难点.     

小麦与不同作物间作模式对麦蚜及主要捕食性天敌群落的影响

应用群落生态学结构变化特征的研究方法,研究了小麦与油菜、荷兰豆间作和单作麦田3种栽培模式条件下对麦田麦蚜及主要天敌群落的影响。结果表明,捕食性天敌的丰盛度和昆虫群落的稳定性,麦套荷兰豆最高,其次为麦套油菜田、单作麦田最低;麦套荷兰豆田麦蚜亚群落稳定性较好,单作麦田捕食性天敌亚群落的稳定性较好。麦蚜亚群落主要特征值分析表明,多样性指数和均匀度为:麦套荷兰豆>单作麦田>麦套油菜,优势度和优势集中性指数为:麦套油菜>单作麦田>麦套荷兰豆;主要捕食性天敌亚群落的多样性指数和均匀度为:单作麦田>麦套油菜>麦套荷兰豆,优势度和优势集中性指数为:麦套荷兰豆田>麦套油菜田>单作麦田。     

龟纹瓢虫对麦蚜的捕食功能反应及寻找效应研究

试验结果表明,龟纹瓢虫(Propylaea japonica)成虫对麦蚜的捕食效应符合HollingⅡ型模型,为Na=0.7059N/(1 0.013 3N),成虫对麦蚜的寻找效应是随着猎物密度的增加而降低.根据HollingⅢ型功能反应新模型得:Na=75.19exp(-47.53/Nt),在1 d内,1头龟纹瓢虫对麦蚜达到最大捕食量为75.19头,最佳寻找密度为47.53头,在利用龟纹瓢虫成虫防治麦蚜时,益害比可以以1∶50作为参考值.     

高压直流接地极对埋地管道的干扰监测及影响规律

为了掌握高压直流输电工程接地极对埋地管道杂散电流干扰的影响规律,在17个高压直流输电工程接地极附近的12条管道上安装了电位远程监测系统,对管道电位进行长时间连续监测.通过管道电位变化分析接地极的干扰频次和干扰时间,以及管道受干扰程度、影响范围.监测结果显示:通过对管道电位长时间连续监测能够准确判断出接地极对管道的干扰影...     

猪附红细胞体的形态学观察

应用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对猪附红细胞体显微结构和超微结构进行观察。结果显示,附红细胞体属典型的原核生物,多数为大小不等的球形、卵圆形、杆状等多形态生物体,直径为0.2μm~2.5μm,常在红细胞表面或血浆中单个或成团寄生。该病原无细胞壁,由单层界膜包裹着,无明显细胞器和细胞核。附红细胞体通过一些细丝连接到红细胞膜上,使红细胞膜表面出现皱褶、突起、凹陷,导致红细胞结构和功能改变。     

Management of yellow dwarf disease in Europe in a post‐neonicotinoid agriculture

Barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDVs have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides (largely pyrethroids and more recently neonicotinoids) against aphid vectors. However, this has changed recently, with many insecticides being lost, culminating in a recent European Union (EU) regulation prohibiting outdoor use of the neonicotinoid‐insecticide compounds. This change is coupled with the growing challenge of insecticide‐resistant aphids, the lack of genetic resources against YDVs, and a knowledge deficit around the parameters responsible for the emergence and spread of YDD. This means that economic sustainability of cereal cultivation in several European countries including France and United Kingdom is now again threatened by this aphid‐vectored viral disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry